Comps - Assessment (History of Intelligence Test Development)

Question 1

Psychologist Order

Answer 1

-Galton
-Cattell
-Binet
-Goddard
-Terman
-Yerkes
-Wechsler

Question 2

Galton (1822-1911)

Answer 2

-Father of psychometrics
-Coined the term “eugenics”
-1865: introduced the first intelligence test

Question 3

Cattell (1860-1944)

Answer 3

-Coined the term “mental test”
-Worked with Galton to create a test battery on hand strength
-More hand strength = greater intelligence

Question 4

Binet (1857-1911)

Answer 4

-Father of intelligence testing
-1904: identified children with disabilities who would benefit from additional instruction in school
-1905: created the Binet-Simon Scale with Theodore Simon
-First to calculate mental age

Question 5

Goddard (1900s)

Answer 5

-Brought the Binet-Simon Scale to the US and translated it
-Classified Americans by their score on the Binet-Simon Scale (e.g., “Moron” was IQ of 51-70; “Imbecile” 26-50; “Idiot” <25)
-Used on immigrants coming to Ellis Island to determine which groups were undesirable and permitted to come into the US

Question 6

Terman (1912-1937)

Answer 6

-Revised the Binet-Simon Scale and introduced IQ
-1912: renamed test the Stanford-Binet Scale
-1937: extended the age range from preschool to adulthood; scoring became objective and was re-standardized
-Eugenicist who believed in mass testing to sort people into their appropriate stations in life

Question 7

Yerkes (1916-1917)

Answer 7

-Restructured the Binet-Simon Scale (before the name change)
-Created subtests with similar items
-Used in the Army Alpha and Beta Project

Question 8

Army Alpha and Beta Project

Answer 8

-Tested over 2 million people
-Created in WWI
-Used to determine if army recruits were fit for military service and sorted them into appropriate positions

Question 9

Alpha Exams

Answer 9

Refer to literate English proficient speakers

Question 10

Beta Exams

Answer 10

Were for illiterate or non-native English speakers

Question 11

Army Alpha and Beta Project Issues

Answer 11

-Understand administration
-Poor psychometric properties

Question 12

Wechsler (1896-1981)

Answer 12

-An administrator in the Army Alpha and Beta test
-1932: created his own intelligence test (Wechsler-Bellevue Scale) due to a frustration with the overemphasis on formal education instead of innate intelligence in past tests
-Replaced IQ with standardized scores
-Incorporated both verbal and performance tests
-Was psychometrically rigorous; large, representative sample used