Comps - Intervention List Flashcards
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Purpose (APA Division 12, 2022)
By accepting and learning to live with pain, one can limit the control it exerts over their life
Why does ACT work? (APA Division 12, 2022)
Guides individuals to change their expectations from the elimination of pain to living as well as possible with pain. Through metaphors and experiential exercises, individuals learn the futility of control-oriented strategies and the benefits of acceptance-oriented strategies in response to negative internal experiences such as pain and discomfort. Individuals are encouraged to explore their personal values and set goals consistent with those values in order to improve overall quality of life and functioning
What are some outcome measures for ACT? (APA Division 12, 2022)
-Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS)
-Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-Revised (CPAQ-R)
-Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ)
Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS)
-Used to measure psychological inflexibility in people with chronic pain
-Would likely administer at the beginning of sessions
Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-Revised (CPAQ-R)
Would live give more than once to track levels of acceptance over the course of treatment
Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ)
Measures client’s ratings of how important specified domains of living to them are and whether they have been living in accordance with these values
ACT Disorders
Chronic pain
Behavioral Activation (BA) Purpose (APA Division 12, 2022)
Increase client’s contact with sources of reward by helping them be more active, which helps to improve the client’s life context
Why does BA work? (Barlow, 2021; UMichigan)
-Guided activation – use of a series of behavior change strategies, select behaviors that are reinforcing with the client to disrupt the behavior-environment relationships that are maintaining depression
-Schedule activities, increase motivation by increasing engagement in pleasurable activities, problem solve around barriers to BA, reduce avoidance, between-session assignments
What are some outcome measures for BA? (Barlow, 2021)
-Behavior Activation for Depression Scale (BADS)
-Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)
Behavior Activation for Depression Scale (BADS)
-Used to measure changes in levels of activation and avoidance over the course of BA
-Generally, you see an increase in positive behaviors and movement towards their goals
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) for BA
Used to track change in self-reported depressive symptoms
BA Disorders
-Depression
-ADHD
-SUDs
Cognitive Therapy Purpose (APA Division 12, 2022)
-Focus on the client’s inaccurate/unhelpful core beliefs about themselves
-Target core beliefs about being unlovable, worthless, helpless, and incompetent
Why does Cognitive Therapy work? (APA Division 12, 2022)
-Clients are taught cognitive and behavioral skills so they can develop more accurate/helpful beliefs and eventually become their own therapists
-Focuses on information processing deficits, selective attention, and memory biases toward the negative
What are some outcome measures of Cognitive Therapy? (Barlow et al., 2021)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) for Cognitive Therapy
Use BDI-II to track change in self-reported depressive symptoms
Cognitive Therapy Disorders
Depression
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Purpose (Beck, 2020)
-The way individuals perceive a situation is more closely connected to their reaction than the situation itself
-Individuals’ perceptions are often distorted and unhelpful, particularly when they are distressed
Why does CBT work? (Beck, 2020)
-Helps people identify their distressing thoughts and evaluate how realistic the thoughts are
-Then they learn to change their distorted thinking
-Emphasis is also consistently on solving problems and initiating behavioral changes
What are some outcome measures for CBT? (APA Division 12, 2022)
Use therapeutic tools to challenges cognitive distortions and make corresponding changes in behavior
CBT Disorders
-Adult ADHD
-Binge Eating Disorder
-Bulimia Nervosa
-Chronic pain disorders
-GAD
-Insomnia
-OCD
-Panic Disorder
-PTSD
-Schizophrenia
-Social Anxiety Disorder
-Specific Phobia
-SUDs
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) Purpose (APA Division 12, 2022)
-Focuses initially on the question of why the trauma occurred and then the effects of the trauma on the clients’ beliefs about themselves, others, and the world
-Highly manualized form of treatment
-Stems from CBT
Why does CPT work? (APA Division 12, 2022; Resick et al., 2014)
-Use of progressive worksheets
-Psychoeducation about PTSD, writing an impact statement, identifying stuck points, Socratic questioning of cognitive distortions, teaching client cognitive therapy skills
What are some outcome measures for CPT? (Resick et al., 2014; Veterans Administration, 2022)
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)
-Used to track changes in self-reported PTSD symptoms
-Given before CPT, at session 6, and at the end
CPT Disorders
PTSD
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Purpose (Linehan & Wilks, 2015)
-Ameliorate suicidal behaviors
-Build a life worth living
-Radical acceptance of experiences, change, and emotions
-Increase distress tolerance
Why does DBT work? (APA Division 12, 2022)
-Clinician teaches clients behavioral skills in mindfulness, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotion regulation
-These skills are rooted in dialectics related to acceptance and change
What are some outcome measures for DBT? (Linehan & Wilks, 2015)
Use of DBT skills to cope with SI, reduction in NSSI, reduction in experienced intensity of emotions, feelings of completeness
DBT Disorders
BPD
Interpersonal Therapy Purpose (APA Division 12, 2022)
-Focus is on interpersonal difficulties in the patient’s life
-The connection between these problems and the development and maintenance of the disorder is identified at the beginning of treatment
Why does DBT work? (APA Division 12, 2022)
-Help the client identify specific interpersonal problem areas currently affecting the patient and choose which of these areas to focus on for the remainder of treatment
-Four typical interpersonal problem domains are role disputes, role transitions, interpersonal deficits, and unresolved grief
-Encourage the patient to take the lead in facilitating change in the interpersonal realm
-The therapist’s role involves keeping the patient aware of the time frame of treatment areas, clarifying issues raised by the patient, and encouraging change
-The third phase covers maintenance of interpersonal gains and relapse prevention
What are some outcome measures for Interpersonal Therapy? (Markowitz & Weissman, 2004)
The client uses new interpersonal skills learned in therapy takes more social risks and the client is able to be more assertive in stating what they need in a social context
Interpersonal Therapy Disorders
-Depression
-Social Anxiety
-Binge Eating Disorder
-Bulimia Nervosa
Motivational Interviewing (MI) Purpose (Miller & Rollnick, 2002)
Support clients in resolving their ambivalence in relation to making a desired change
Why does MI work? (Miller & Rollnick, 2002)
Change ruler, reflections, summaries, reframing, rolling with resistance, coming alongside, emphasizing discrepancy between feelings and goals, developing a change plan, and more
What are some outcome measures for MI? (Miller & Rollnick, 2002)
Increase in change talk, experimenting between sessions, increase in behaviors which align with their goals
MI Disorders
SUDs
Exposure Therapies Purpose (APA Division 12, 2022)
Use of variety of behavioral approaches that are all based on exposing phobic individuals to the stimuli that frighten them
Why do Exposure Therapies work? (APA Division 12, 2022)
-Encourage the individual to enter feared situations and to try to remain in those situations
-Create an individually tailored fear hierarchy that starts with situations that are only mildly anxiety-provoking and builds up to the most feared encounters, though in some forms of exposure therapy, the individual starts out being exposed to a very anxiety-provoking stimulus rather than building up to that point more gradually
-Use in-vivo exposure, guided imagery, applied muscle tension, virtual reality exposure, systematic desensitization
-May also add cognitive therapy
What are some outcome measures for Exposure Therapies? (APA Division 12, 2022)
Learn to tolerate fear evoked situations by exposure related to phobia-related stimuli
Exposure Therapies Disorders
-Specific Phobias
-OCD
-Social Anxiety
Prolonged Exposure (PE) Therapy Purpose (APA Division 12, 2022)
Repeated exposure to trauma-related thoughts, feelings, and situations can help reduce the power they have the cause distress
Why does PE Therapy work? (APA Division 12, 2022)
Consists of imaginal exposures, which involve recounting the traumatic memory and processing the revisiting experience, as well as in-vivo exposures in which the client repeatedly confronts trauma-related stimuli that were safe but previously avoided
What are some outcome measures for PE Therapy? (APA Division 12, 2022)
-Decrease in self-reported distress when exposed to trauma-related thoughts/feelings/situations
-May see reflected in decreased PCL-5 scores
PE Therapy Disorders
PTSD
Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP) Purpose (Levenson, 2005)
-Goal is to change recurrent maladaptive interpersonal patterns that lead to the client’s symptoms and their problems in living
-Brief therapy
-Attachment-based (psychodynamic) in terms of orientation
-Interpersonally focused
Why does TLDP work? (Levenson, 2005)
-Being attuned to the client
-Staying aware of one’s countertransference
-Recognizing transference-countertransference reenactments
-Providing corrective, interpersonal experiences in the therapy relationship
-Also focus on changing cyclical maladaptive patterns (CMPs) related to acts of self, expectations of others’ reactions, acts of others towards the self, and acts of self towards the self (introjects)
What are some outcome measures for TLDP? (Levenson, 2005)
-Client has new experiences with others in their life that reflect new interpersonal patterns
-Clients also demonstrate more flexibility and more independence in the way they interact with others, as they understand how they enacted the same, maladaptive interpersonal patterns in different relationships in their life
TLDP Disorders
-Relational issues
-Anything that is time-sensitive (i.e., prepping a client with an eating disorder for the holidays)
