(Comprehensive Test from StudyBlue) Flashcards
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Auditory deprivation
The brain gradually loses some of its information processing ability.
neuroplasticity
brain’s ability to change and adapt
at some point the brain will stop changing
cross modal plasticity
adaptive reorganization of neurons to integrate the function of two or more sensory systems
type of neuroplasticity that often occurs after sensory deprivation due to disease or brain damage.
critical window for hearing
6 months
language development for children
birth to 2 years
auditory skill development for children
birth to 3.5 years
intervention before ____ months results in normal cognitive and linguistic development
6
average number of words heard by a child in the first 4 years of life
1 Million words
outer portion passes through cartilage, has sebaceous glands (forms cerumen), inner portion passes through tympanic portion of temporal bone, inner and outer portion meet at osseocartilaginous junction
External auditory canal
Father of audiology
1945 Raymond Carhart
what percentage of babies are born to normal hearing parents?
90-95%
evolution of audiology
- prior to WWII there were hearing aid dealers 2. military had hearing loss 3. needed rehabilitation centers 4. Latin root-audire (to hear) greek suffix-logos (to study)
External Auditory Canal Angle in children
angles downward more acute angle, children’s pinna pulled down and back when looking into ear
before age ___, ____% of children in U.S. will have at least one ear infection
6, 90%
Effects of HL on adults
- overall poor health 2. decreased physical activity 3. depression 4. progressive physical and psychosocial dysfunction
only ___% of individuals seek treatment for hearing loss
25%
why don’t people seek treatment?
Embarrassed, financial reasons
Degrees of HL
normal: 0-25 dB
mild: 26-40,
moderate: 41-55,
moderately severe: 56-70,
severe: 71-90
profound: 91+
what can audiologists do in their scope of practice
- evaluate and diagnose hearing loss and vestibular disorders 2. perscibe, fit, and dispense hearing aids and other amplification and hearing assistance technologies 3. members of cochlear implant teams/cleft palate, and others. 4. perform ear or hearing related surgical monitoring 5. designed and implement hearing conservation programs. 6. implement newborn hearing screening programs 7. provide hearing rehabilitation training 8. treat individuals with central auditory processing disorders 9. assess and treat tinnitus
Father of otology
1835 Adam Politzer
Academic Preparation for audiologist
4 year long program with “capstone”. Foundation of Audiological sciences are the 1st year; diagnostics and treatment after that, then externship
External Auditory Canal Function
- allows for protection of tympanic membrane 2. filter to reduce low frequency and as a tube resonator between 2000-7000 Hz.
Tympanic Membrane
- concave 2. marks border between outer and middle ear 3. area: 90mm 4. Has three layers 5. extremely thing 6. efficient vibrating surface 7. very rich in blood supply 8. malleus is embedded in fibrous portion of TM
Three layers of the tympanic membrane
- Cutaneous: Outer layer (skin), continuous with external canal.
- Fibrous: Provides most of the structure and compliance (density is greatest at center); has radial fibers and spiral (circular) fibers (looks like a web).
- Internal: Mucous membrane, continuous with middle ear cavity.
4 quadrants of tympanic membrane
1.anterior superior (front, back) 2.anterior inferior (front, below) 3.posterior inferior (back, below) 4.posterior superior (back, above)
what does the malleus do
contracts and pulls tympanic membrane inward to help sound travel
development of the outer ear 28 days after conception
- bulges appear on either sir of the tissue 2. develops pharyngeal arches 3. pinna develops from pharyngeal arches 4. pinna develops before the 2nd fetal month
what forms in the third fetal month
tympanic membrane
what forms in the 4th gestational week
external auditory canal
what is done developing after 20 weeks of gestation
full ear
what is the “bowl” part of the outer ear called?
concha
is the middle ear air-filled or fluid-filled
air-filled
how large is the middle ear
1/2 inch high 1/4 inch deep
what is the roof of the middle ear like?
thin layer of bone separating middle ear cavity from the brain
what is the space in the middle ear above the tympanic membrane
epitympanic recess
what is the middle ear lined with?
mucous membrane
what does the middle ear connect to?
nasopharynx
the middle ear and _____form the ________
the middle ear and EUSTACHIAN TUBE form the MIDDLE EAR CLEFT
topmost cells of the middle ear are called…
cilia
what is the eustachian tube lined with
ciliated epithelium