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MY CLASSES > Auditory Mechanism (College of DuPage) > Flashcards

Auditory Mechanism (College of DuPage) Flashcards

1
Q

Abbreviations: CO, AN, IAM, CN, SOC, LL, IC, MGB, int cap, AC, CC

A

cochlea, auditory nerve, internal auditory meatus, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, internal capsule, auditory cortex, corpus callosum

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2
Q

Auditory system performs two kinds of processing of acoustic stimuli

A

Sequential and parallel processing

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3
Q

Sequential processing takes place in the __. Parallel processing takes place in the __

A

Entire auditory system; neural system

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4
Q

Involves the transferring of information from one area or a level of the auditory system to the next

A

Sequential processing

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5
Q

Involves overlapping functions that occur at the same time along different channels

A

Parallel processing

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6
Q

Both of these types of processing are needed for optimal functioning of the auditory system

A

Sequential and parallel processing

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7
Q

Auditory nerve has type one and type two fibers that proceed in __ to the brain stem

A

Parallel

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8
Q

Retrocochlear

A

All structures beyond the cochlea

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9
Q

The temporal bone has many __, __, and __ that subserve the organs of hearing and balance

A

Cavities, channels, and canals

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10
Q

Temporal bone has four main segments

A

The squamous, mastoid, petrous, Tympanic

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11
Q

The squamous is __ to the ear canal

A

Superior

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12
Q

The mastoid is __ to the pinna

A

Posterior

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13
Q

The petrous is deep in the __ __ of the inner ear

A

Cranium housing

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14
Q

Petrous segment is where the __, __, __ and __ are located

A

Middle ear apparatus, cochlea, vestibular structures, IAM

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15
Q

IAM houses the __, __, and __ nerves and opens into the lateral aspect of the __

A

IAM houses the FACIAL, AUDITORY and VESTIBULAR nerves and opens into the lateral aspect of the BRAINSTEM

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16
Q

Scala tympani and scala vestibuli contain

A

Perilymph

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17
Q

Scala media contains

A

Endolymph and cortilymph

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18
Q

Tectorial membrane touches the cilia of

A

OHC

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19
Q

Tectorial membrane does Not touch the

A

IHCs

20
Q

This is at the base of stereocilia, forms a tight juncture around Celia also prevents endolymph from entering the hair cells

A

Reticular lamina

21
Q

Known as ’support cells’

A

Deiter’s cells

22
Q

Described as having an elongated body, spanning from the BM to the reticular lamina, and holding the base of the OHCs

A

Deiter’s cells

23
Q

One row, flask shaped, robust

A

IHCs

24
Q

3 to 5 rows, cylinder shaped thin and long

A

OHCs

25
Q

How many IHCs per ear

A

3500

26
Q

How many OHCs per ear

A

12,000

27
Q

Stereocilia are at the top of the hair cell. At the bottom are AN fiber connections called

A

Terminal buttons

28
Q

Tip links close the __ in __

A

Tip links close the PORES in CILIA

29
Q

When the BM moves downward, tip links close the pores in cilia causing

A

hyper-polarization (inhibition)

30
Q

When BM moves upward, cilia are pushed opposite way and tip-links open cilia pores causing K+ to enter the cell then

A

The cells fire (depolarization)

31
Q

90% of auditory nerve fibers are type __ fibers, and they synapse with IHCs. Extensive projections to Cochlear Nucleus

A

1

32
Q

The frequency that an auditory nerve responds best to (lowest intensity bc it doesn’t take much energy to get a response)

A

Characteristic frequency

33
Q

The further away the tone is from the characteristic frequency the more __ will be needed

A

Intensity

34
Q

The sharper the tuning curve the better the __ __ is

A

Frequency selectivity

35
Q

Damage to OHCs decrease in __ of tuning curve

A

Sharpness

36
Q

Auditory nerve fiber can only fire at a rate of __ times per __ (unable to fire at a higher rate for Phase locking)

A

1000 times per second

37
Q

Principle that states with high frequency sounds the auditory nerve fibers may fire every second third or fourth cycle of stimulus

A

Volley

38
Q

__ is coded by how many fibers are involved

A

Intensity

39
Q

When fibers have a low spontaneous rate they are better at coding __ intensities

A

High

40
Q

When fibers have a high spontaneous rate they are better at coding __ intensities

A

Low

41
Q

Phase locking is for coding __ and hair fibers are for coding __ for the brain

A

Frequency; intensity

42
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Nerve tract that runs beneath the cerebral cortex. It connects L hemisphere of brain to the R hemisphere. “Tough body”

43
Q

10% of auditory nerve fibers are type __, unmyelinated, and they synapse with OHCs. Limited projections to Cochlear Nucleus.

A

2

44
Q

Hair bundles, or the “__ __” of hair cells, are important in cochlear tonotopy. The morphology of hair bundles likely contributes to the BM gradient. Tonotopic position determines the structure of hair bundles in the cochlea. The height of hair bundles __ from base to apex and the number of stereocilia __

A

Hair bundles, or the “MECHANICAL ANTENNA” of hair cells, are important in cochlear tonotopy. The morphology of hair bundles likely contributes to the BM gradient. Tonotopic position determines the structure of hair bundles in the cochlea. The height of hair bundles INCREASES from base to apex and the number of stereocilia DECREASES

45
Q

In the hair bundle, ___ springs determine the open probability of mechanoelectrical ion transduction channels: at higher frequencies, these elastic springs are subject to higher stiffness and higher mechanical tension in tip-links of hair cells.

A

GATING

46
Q

currents are largest at high frequency positions at the base of cochlea. basal cochlear hair cells have more stereocilia, thus providing more __ and larger __ (and the base of the cochlear is closer to the outer ear)

A

currents are largest at high frequency positions at the base of cochlea. basal cochlear hair cells have more stereocilia, thus providing more CHANNELS and larger CURRENTS (and the base of the cochlear is closer to the outer ear);

47
Q

outer hair cells express the __ protein prestin and they’re also known as little __ __ that amplify __ __ __.

A

outer hair cells express the MOTOR protein prestin and they’re also known as little COCHLEAR AMPLIFIERS that amplify LOW-INTENSITY SOUNDS.

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