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MUSIC 100 > Comprehensive mhhe > Flashcards

Comprehensive mhhe Flashcards

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1
Q

Timbre is synonymous with…

A

Tone color

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2
Q

Degrees of loudness and softness in music are called…

A

Dynamics

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3
Q

The relative highness or lowness of a sound is…

A

Pitch

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4
Q

The distance between the lowest and the highest tones that a voice or instrument can produce is called…

A

Pitch range

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5
Q

The pitch of a sound is decided by the __________ of its vibrations.

A

Frequency

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6
Q

The frequency of vibrations is measured in…

A

Cycles per second

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7
Q

Music can be defined as…

A

An art based on the organization of sounds in time.

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8
Q

In general, the smaller the vibrating element, the _________ its pitch.

A

Higher

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9
Q

In jazz, each statement of the basic harmonic pattern or melody is called a…

A

Chorus

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10
Q

Creating music at the same time it is being performed is know as…

A

Improvisation

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11
Q

Two of the most distinctive features of jazz are…

A

Syncopation and rhythmic swing

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12
Q

Ragtime flourished in the US from the…

A

1890’s-1915

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13
Q

Characteristics of blues…

A

Usually follow a 12-bar pattern as a basis for improvisation.
May be vocal or instrumental.
Has a 12-bar harmonic frame.

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14
Q

The most famous blues singer of the 1920’s, known as the “empress of the blues,” was…

A

Bessie Smith

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15
Q

Blues music was usually written in _____ time.

A

4/4

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16
Q

Scat singing, which Louis Armstrong introduced to jazz, is…

A

Vocalization of a melodic line with nonsense syllables.

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17
Q

Short, repeated melodic phrases frequently used during the swing era are called…

A

Riffs

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18
Q

Free Jazz…

A

Began in the early 1960’s.
Can be compared to chance music.
Disregarded regular forms and established chord patterns.

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19
Q

Cool Jazz…

A

Was related to bop, but was calmer and more relaxed in character.

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20
Q

The lowest instrument in the orchestra is the…

A

Contrabassoon

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21
Q

Systems of electronic components that generate, modify, and control sound are called…

A

Synthesizers

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22
Q

A part of an instrument’s total range is called a…

A

Register

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23
Q

Plucking the string with the finger instead of using a bow is called…

A

Pizzicato

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24
Q

Symphonic bands differ from symphonic orchestras in that they…

A

Do not contain a string section.

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25
Q

The very high-pitched times that are produced when a string player lightly touches certain points on a string are called…

A

Vibrato

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26
Q

The regular pulsation that divides music into equal units of time is known as a….

A

Beat

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27
Q

The organization of beats into regular groups is known as…

A

Meter

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28
Q

In sycnopation, a _________ is accented.

A

Weak beat

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29
Q

A system of writing music is known as…

A

Notation

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30
Q

The _______ shows the pitch of each line ans space on the staff.

A

Clef

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31
Q

Adding a dot to a note increases its duration by…

A

Half

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32
Q

The meter of a piece is shown by its…

A

Sharp signs

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33
Q

A melodic phrase ending that sets up expectations for a continuation is known as an…

A

Incomplete cadence

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34
Q

The repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch is called a…

A

Sequence

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35
Q

A resting place at the end of a phrase is called a…

A

Cadence

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36
Q

A shorter part of a melody is called a…

A

Phrase

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37
Q

A melody that serves as the starting point for a more extended piece of music is called a…

A

Theme

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38
Q

A melody is said to move by steps if it moves by…

A

Adjacent scale tones

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39
Q

A combination of three or more tones sounded at the same time is called a…

A

Chord

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40
Q

Resolution refers to a…

A

Dissonant chord moving to a consonant chord.

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41
Q

When the individual tones of a chord are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously, it is called a broken chord or an…

A

Arpeggio

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42
Q

A combination of tones that is considered unstable and tense is called a…

A

Dissonance

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43
Q

A combination of tones that is considered stable and restful is called a…

A

Consonance

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44
Q

Musical texture refers to…

A

How layers of sound are related to each other.

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45
Q

Retaining some features of a musical idea while changing others is called…

A

Variation

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46
Q

Ternary can be represented as…

A

Statement, contrast, return.
ABA
ABA^1

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47
Q

The form consisting of a musical statement followed by a counterstatement would be called…

A

Binary

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48
Q

Gregorian chant is __________ in texture.

A

Monophonic

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49
Q

The church modes are…

A

Like the major and minor scaled in that they have 7 tones and an 8th tone that duplicates the 1st an octave higher.

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50
Q

In the recording of the medieval estampie, the melody is played by a rebec, a…

A

Bowed string instrument.

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51
Q

The center of polyphonic music in Europe after 1150 was…

A

Paris

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52
Q

Medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines is called…

A

Organum

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53
Q

The Notre Dame Mass by Guillaume de Machut was…

A

The first polyphonic treatment of the mass by a known composer.

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54
Q

Leonin and Perotin are notable because they…

A

Are the first very important composers known by name.
Indicated definite time values and a clearly defined meter in music.
Were the leaders of of the school of Notre Dame.

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55
Q

The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly…

A

Polyphonic

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56
Q

A dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance was called…

A

Humanism

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57
Q

Palestrina’s career centered in…

A

Rome

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58
Q

An attempt to purify the Catholic church music was a result of…

A

Deliberations of the council of Trent

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59
Q

Josquin des Prez was a contemporary of…

A

Christopher Columbus

60
Q

The Renaissance madrigal began around 1520 in…

A

Italy

61
Q

A stately dance in duple meter similar to the pavanne is called the…

A

Passamezzo

62
Q

One of the most revolutionary periods in music history was the…

A

Early Baroque

63
Q

The early baroque was characterized by…

A

Homophonic texture

64
Q

The middle baroque was characterized by…

A

Diffusion of the style of every corner of Europe.

65
Q

A popular keyboard instrument in which sound was produced by means of brass blades striking strings was the…

A

Clavichord

66
Q

The most characteristic feature of Baroque music is the..

A

Basso continuo

67
Q

Terraced dynamics refers to a sudden change between…

A

loud and soft

68
Q

A small group of soloists is pitted against a larger group of players in a…

A

Concerto grosso

69
Q

The structure of the concerto grosso most often consists of ___ movements.

A

3

70
Q

A ritornello is a…

A

Refrain in which tutti and solo sections alternate.

71
Q

A polyphonic composition based on one main theme is known as a…

A

Fugue

72
Q

In many fugues, the subject in one voice is accompanied by a ________ in another voice.

A

Counter-subject

73
Q

The first opera house in Europe to offer entry to anyone with the price of admission opened in 1637 in…

A

Venice

74
Q

Speech-like melody accompanied only by a basso continuo is called..

A

Secco recitative

75
Q

Monteverdi spent the greater part of his career in the most important church post in Italy, that of…

A

St. Marks, Venice

76
Q

To achieve intensity of expression, Monteverdi used ___________ with unprecedented freedom and daring.

A

Dissonance

77
Q

In Monteverdi’s opera, “Orfeo,” Orpheus goes to Hades in the hopes of bringing ________ back to life.

A

Eurydice

78
Q

To evoke angry or war-like feelings in some of his texts, Monteverdi introduced new orchestral effects, including…

A

Pizzicato and tremolo.

79
Q

A common variation form in the Baroque is the…

A

Ground bass or basso ostinato.

80
Q

Baroque trio sonatas usually involve ____ performers.

A

4

81
Q

Vivaldi is closel identified with the musical life of…

A

Venice

82
Q

Vivaldi wrote approximately ____ concertos.

A

450 (for a variety of instruments).

83
Q

Vivaldi was famous an influential as a…

A

Violin virtuoso

84
Q

Of Bach’s 20 children, ____ of them went on to become well-known composers.

A

4

85
Q

Back created masterpieces in…

A

Concerto, fugue, and sonata.

86
Q

Baroque suites frequently begin with a…

A

French overture (2 sections: slow-fast)

87
Q

Although the movements of a baroque suite are written in the same key, they differ in…

A

Meter, national origin, and tempo.

88
Q

A sung piece, or chorale work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the…

A

Cantata

89
Q

Oratories first appeared in…

A

Italy, where they were based on stories from the Bible.

90
Q

An element of the oratorio that is especially important and serves to comment on or participate in the drama is…

A

The chorus

91
Q

G.F. Handel was born in 1865, the same year as…

A

J.S. Bach

92
Q

Although Handel wrote a great deal of instrumental music, the core of his huge output consists of…

A

English oratorios and Italian Operas.

93
Q

Handel spend a majority of his life in…

A

England.

94
Q

An emphasis on balance and clarity of structures may be found in the….

A

Classical Period

95
Q

One way in which music from the classical era differs from the baroque is that…

A

There is a fluctuation in mood.

96
Q

Classical melodies sound balanced because…

A

They are made up of two phrases of the same length.

97
Q

The piano began to be widely used by…

A

1775

98
Q

A classical form written in 2-4 movements for one or two instruments is called a…

A

Sonata

99
Q

Joseph Haydn was content to spend most of his life…

A

Serving a wealthy aristocratic family where he was considered a skilled servant.

100
Q

In the classical period, comic operas sometimes…

A

Ridiculed the aristocracy.

101
Q

Social mobility during the classical period was…

A

An important factor in the rise of the middle class.

102
Q

Vienna in 1800…

A

Was the 4th largest city in Europe, had a population of almost 250,000, and was the seat of the Holy Roman Empire.

103
Q

Sonata form should be viewed as…

A

A set of principles that serve to shape and unify contrasts of theme and key.

104
Q

Symphony may be defined as…

A

A musical composition for orchestra (usually 4 movements).
Sonata for orchestra.
Extended/ambitious composition exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics.

105
Q

A symphony is unified partly by the use of the same…

A

key in 3 of its movements.

106
Q

Haydn’s music…

A

Was robust as direct.
Radiated a healthy optimism.
Reflected a love of nature.
Has a folk flavor due to the influence of peasant tunes.

107
Q

Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as…

A

AA’A’‘A’'’A’’’’

108
Q

Each successive variation in a theme with variations…

A

Retains from elements of the themes.

109
Q

The minuet as a whole may be outlined as…

A

ABA

110
Q

In many of Beethoven’s works, there is a _______ movement instead of the minuet.

A

Scherzo

111
Q

The minuet first appeared around 1650 as a…

A

dance at the court of Louis XIV of France.

112
Q

Common rondo patterns…

A

ABACA

ABACABA

113
Q

The rondo was used as late as the…

A

20th century.

114
Q

An unaccompanied showpiece for the concerto’s soloist is known as a…

A

Cadenza

115
Q

The symphonic movement usually lacking in the concerto is the….

A

Minuet or scherzo.

116
Q

A pause in the score of a concerto is indicated by a…

A

Fermata.

117
Q

The most important form in classical chamber music is the…

A

String quartet.

118
Q

The piano trio is a muical composition for…

A

Violin, cello, and piano.

119
Q

The usual order of movements in a classical string quartet is…

A

Fast, slow, minuet or scherzo, fast.

120
Q

A major factor that distinguishes chamber music from the symphony or concerto is that chamber music is…

A

Performed by one player per part.

121
Q

In the Romantic Period…

A

Harmony tended to be colorful and ore unstable.
New forms developed.
There were greater ranges of tone color, dynamics, and pitch.

122
Q

Instrumental music associated with a story is called…

A

Program music

123
Q

The purpose of using chromatic chords in Romantic music was to…

A

Add color and motion.

124
Q

Berlioz’s use of a lyrical melody from the opening movement of “Symphonie Fantastique” that is them repeated as a grotesque dance in the finale is an example of…

A

Thematic transformation.

125
Q

A composer who earned his living as a violin virtuoso was…

A

Niccolo Paganini

126
Q

Music criticism was a source of income for both…

A

Berlioz and Liszt.

127
Q

Chopin was…

A

Shy and reserved.

128
Q

Most of Chopin’s pieces are…

A

Exquisite miniatures.

129
Q

The polonaise is a…

A

Dance in triple meter.

130
Q

Among Liszt’s favorite inspirations were the literary works of…

A

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

131
Q

Lizst’s piano works’ characteristics…

A

Arpeggios, rapid octaves and daring leaps, and complexity of sound.

132
Q

In many of his works, Liszt unified contrasting moods by a process known as…

A

Thematic transformation

133
Q

During his teens and 20’s, Liszt lived in…

A

Paris

134
Q

As a youth, Liszt was influences by the performances of…

A

Paganini

135
Q

Until the age of 36, Liszt toured Europe as a virtuoso…

A

Pianist

136
Q

Mendelssohn is known as the man who rekindled an interest in the music of…

A

J.S. Bach

137
Q

The aim of program music is…

A

Expression

138
Q

A ___________ is a one movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictoral idea. It was developed by Franz List.

A

Symphonic Poem

139
Q

In 1830, the Paris Convervatory awarded Berlioz the…

A

Prix de Rome

140
Q

The liturgical melody quoted in the last movement of the “Fantastic Symphony” is the…

A

Dies irae

141
Q

Berlioz’s “Fantastic Symphony” is unified by the recurrence of a theme known as…

A

Idee fixe

142
Q

Antonin Dvorak’s music was promoted first by…

A

Johannes Brahms

143
Q

Brahms created masterpieces in the traditional forms of…

A

Dance suites, concertos, and program music.

144
Q

Verdi’s later operas differ from his earlier ones in that they have…

A

Less difference between aria and recitative.
Greater musical continuity.
More imaginative orchestrations.

145
Q

Puccini’s operas have a lasting appeal because…

A

He had a marvelous sense of theater.
His melodies have short, memorable phrases and are intensely emotional.
He minimized the difference between aria and recitative, thus creating a continuous flow of music.

146
Q

La Boheme takes place in…

A

Paris

MUSIC 100 (11 decks)

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