Comprehensive mhhe Flashcards
Timbre is synonymous with…
Tone color
Degrees of loudness and softness in music are called…
Dynamics
The relative highness or lowness of a sound is…
Pitch
The distance between the lowest and the highest tones that a voice or instrument can produce is called…
Pitch range
The pitch of a sound is decided by the __________ of its vibrations.
Frequency
The frequency of vibrations is measured in…
Cycles per second
Music can be defined as…
An art based on the organization of sounds in time.
In general, the smaller the vibrating element, the _________ its pitch.
Higher
In jazz, each statement of the basic harmonic pattern or melody is called a…
Chorus
Creating music at the same time it is being performed is know as…
Improvisation
Two of the most distinctive features of jazz are…
Syncopation and rhythmic swing
Ragtime flourished in the US from the…
1890’s-1915
Characteristics of blues…
Usually follow a 12-bar pattern as a basis for improvisation.
May be vocal or instrumental.
Has a 12-bar harmonic frame.
The most famous blues singer of the 1920’s, known as the “empress of the blues,” was…
Bessie Smith
Blues music was usually written in _____ time.
4/4
Scat singing, which Louis Armstrong introduced to jazz, is…
Vocalization of a melodic line with nonsense syllables.
Short, repeated melodic phrases frequently used during the swing era are called…
Riffs
Free Jazz…
Began in the early 1960’s.
Can be compared to chance music.
Disregarded regular forms and established chord patterns.
Cool Jazz…
Was related to bop, but was calmer and more relaxed in character.
The lowest instrument in the orchestra is the…
Contrabassoon
Systems of electronic components that generate, modify, and control sound are called…
Synthesizers
A part of an instrument’s total range is called a…
Register
Plucking the string with the finger instead of using a bow is called…
Pizzicato
Symphonic bands differ from symphonic orchestras in that they…
Do not contain a string section.
The very high-pitched times that are produced when a string player lightly touches certain points on a string are called…
Vibrato
The regular pulsation that divides music into equal units of time is known as a….
Beat
The organization of beats into regular groups is known as…
Meter
In sycnopation, a _________ is accented.
Weak beat
A system of writing music is known as…
Notation
The _______ shows the pitch of each line ans space on the staff.
Clef
Adding a dot to a note increases its duration by…
Half
The meter of a piece is shown by its…
Sharp signs
A melodic phrase ending that sets up expectations for a continuation is known as an…
Incomplete cadence
The repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch is called a…
Sequence
A resting place at the end of a phrase is called a…
Cadence
A shorter part of a melody is called a…
Phrase
A melody that serves as the starting point for a more extended piece of music is called a…
Theme
A melody is said to move by steps if it moves by…
Adjacent scale tones
A combination of three or more tones sounded at the same time is called a…
Chord
Resolution refers to a…
Dissonant chord moving to a consonant chord.
When the individual tones of a chord are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously, it is called a broken chord or an…
Arpeggio
A combination of tones that is considered unstable and tense is called a…
Dissonance
A combination of tones that is considered stable and restful is called a…
Consonance
Musical texture refers to…
How layers of sound are related to each other.
Retaining some features of a musical idea while changing others is called…
Variation
Ternary can be represented as…
Statement, contrast, return.
ABA
ABA^1
The form consisting of a musical statement followed by a counterstatement would be called…
Binary
Gregorian chant is __________ in texture.
Monophonic
The church modes are…
Like the major and minor scaled in that they have 7 tones and an 8th tone that duplicates the 1st an octave higher.
In the recording of the medieval estampie, the melody is played by a rebec, a…
Bowed string instrument.
The center of polyphonic music in Europe after 1150 was…
Paris
Medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines is called…
Organum
The Notre Dame Mass by Guillaume de Machut was…
The first polyphonic treatment of the mass by a known composer.
Leonin and Perotin are notable because they…
Are the first very important composers known by name.
Indicated definite time values and a clearly defined meter in music.
Were the leaders of of the school of Notre Dame.
The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly…
Polyphonic
A dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance was called…
Humanism
Palestrina’s career centered in…
Rome
An attempt to purify the Catholic church music was a result of…
Deliberations of the council of Trent
Josquin des Prez was a contemporary of…
Christopher Columbus
The Renaissance madrigal began around 1520 in…
Italy
A stately dance in duple meter similar to the pavanne is called the…
Passamezzo
One of the most revolutionary periods in music history was the…
Early Baroque
The early baroque was characterized by…
Homophonic texture
The middle baroque was characterized by…
Diffusion of the style of every corner of Europe.
A popular keyboard instrument in which sound was produced by means of brass blades striking strings was the…
Clavichord
The most characteristic feature of Baroque music is the..
Basso continuo
Terraced dynamics refers to a sudden change between…
loud and soft
A small group of soloists is pitted against a larger group of players in a…
Concerto grosso
The structure of the concerto grosso most often consists of ___ movements.
3
A ritornello is a…
Refrain in which tutti and solo sections alternate.
A polyphonic composition based on one main theme is known as a…
Fugue
In many fugues, the subject in one voice is accompanied by a ________ in another voice.
Counter-subject
The first opera house in Europe to offer entry to anyone with the price of admission opened in 1637 in…
Venice
Speech-like melody accompanied only by a basso continuo is called..
Secco recitative
Monteverdi spent the greater part of his career in the most important church post in Italy, that of…
St. Marks, Venice
To achieve intensity of expression, Monteverdi used ___________ with unprecedented freedom and daring.
Dissonance
In Monteverdi’s opera, “Orfeo,” Orpheus goes to Hades in the hopes of bringing ________ back to life.
Eurydice
To evoke angry or war-like feelings in some of his texts, Monteverdi introduced new orchestral effects, including…
Pizzicato and tremolo.
A common variation form in the Baroque is the…
Ground bass or basso ostinato.
Baroque trio sonatas usually involve ____ performers.
4
Vivaldi is closel identified with the musical life of…
Venice
Vivaldi wrote approximately ____ concertos.
450 (for a variety of instruments).
Vivaldi was famous an influential as a…
Violin virtuoso
Of Bach’s 20 children, ____ of them went on to become well-known composers.
4
Back created masterpieces in…
Concerto, fugue, and sonata.
Baroque suites frequently begin with a…
French overture (2 sections: slow-fast)
Although the movements of a baroque suite are written in the same key, they differ in…
Meter, national origin, and tempo.
A sung piece, or chorale work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the…
Cantata
Oratories first appeared in…
Italy, where they were based on stories from the Bible.
An element of the oratorio that is especially important and serves to comment on or participate in the drama is…
The chorus
G.F. Handel was born in 1865, the same year as…
J.S. Bach
Although Handel wrote a great deal of instrumental music, the core of his huge output consists of…
English oratorios and Italian Operas.
Handel spend a majority of his life in…
England.
An emphasis on balance and clarity of structures may be found in the….
Classical Period
One way in which music from the classical era differs from the baroque is that…
There is a fluctuation in mood.
Classical melodies sound balanced because…
They are made up of two phrases of the same length.
The piano began to be widely used by…
1775
A classical form written in 2-4 movements for one or two instruments is called a…
Sonata
Joseph Haydn was content to spend most of his life…
Serving a wealthy aristocratic family where he was considered a skilled servant.
In the classical period, comic operas sometimes…
Ridiculed the aristocracy.
Social mobility during the classical period was…
An important factor in the rise of the middle class.
Vienna in 1800…
Was the 4th largest city in Europe, had a population of almost 250,000, and was the seat of the Holy Roman Empire.
Sonata form should be viewed as…
A set of principles that serve to shape and unify contrasts of theme and key.
Symphony may be defined as…
A musical composition for orchestra (usually 4 movements).
Sonata for orchestra.
Extended/ambitious composition exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics.
A symphony is unified partly by the use of the same…
key in 3 of its movements.
Haydn’s music…
Was robust as direct.
Radiated a healthy optimism.
Reflected a love of nature.
Has a folk flavor due to the influence of peasant tunes.
Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as…
AA’A’‘A’'’A’’’’
Each successive variation in a theme with variations…
Retains from elements of the themes.
The minuet as a whole may be outlined as…
ABA
In many of Beethoven’s works, there is a _______ movement instead of the minuet.
Scherzo
The minuet first appeared around 1650 as a…
dance at the court of Louis XIV of France.
Common rondo patterns…
ABACA
ABACABA
The rondo was used as late as the…
20th century.
An unaccompanied showpiece for the concerto’s soloist is known as a…
Cadenza
The symphonic movement usually lacking in the concerto is the….
Minuet or scherzo.
A pause in the score of a concerto is indicated by a…
Fermata.
The most important form in classical chamber music is the…
String quartet.
The piano trio is a muical composition for…
Violin, cello, and piano.
The usual order of movements in a classical string quartet is…
Fast, slow, minuet or scherzo, fast.
A major factor that distinguishes chamber music from the symphony or concerto is that chamber music is…
Performed by one player per part.
In the Romantic Period…
Harmony tended to be colorful and ore unstable.
New forms developed.
There were greater ranges of tone color, dynamics, and pitch.
Instrumental music associated with a story is called…
Program music
The purpose of using chromatic chords in Romantic music was to…
Add color and motion.
Berlioz’s use of a lyrical melody from the opening movement of “Symphonie Fantastique” that is them repeated as a grotesque dance in the finale is an example of…
Thematic transformation.
A composer who earned his living as a violin virtuoso was…
Niccolo Paganini
Music criticism was a source of income for both…
Berlioz and Liszt.
Chopin was…
Shy and reserved.
Most of Chopin’s pieces are…
Exquisite miniatures.
The polonaise is a…
Dance in triple meter.
Among Liszt’s favorite inspirations were the literary works of…
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Lizst’s piano works’ characteristics…
Arpeggios, rapid octaves and daring leaps, and complexity of sound.
In many of his works, Liszt unified contrasting moods by a process known as…
Thematic transformation
During his teens and 20’s, Liszt lived in…
Paris
As a youth, Liszt was influences by the performances of…
Paganini
Until the age of 36, Liszt toured Europe as a virtuoso…
Pianist
Mendelssohn is known as the man who rekindled an interest in the music of…
J.S. Bach
The aim of program music is…
Expression
A ___________ is a one movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictoral idea. It was developed by Franz List.
Symphonic Poem
In 1830, the Paris Convervatory awarded Berlioz the…
Prix de Rome
The liturgical melody quoted in the last movement of the “Fantastic Symphony” is the…
Dies irae
Berlioz’s “Fantastic Symphony” is unified by the recurrence of a theme known as…
Idee fixe
Antonin Dvorak’s music was promoted first by…
Johannes Brahms
Brahms created masterpieces in the traditional forms of…
Dance suites, concertos, and program music.
Verdi’s later operas differ from his earlier ones in that they have…
Less difference between aria and recitative.
Greater musical continuity.
More imaginative orchestrations.
Puccini’s operas have a lasting appeal because…
He had a marvelous sense of theater.
His melodies have short, memorable phrases and are intensely emotional.
He minimized the difference between aria and recitative, thus creating a continuous flow of music.
La Boheme takes place in…
Paris
