comprehensive

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

A substance is brought from low concentration to high concentration across a cell membrane against its chemical gradiant.

Question 2

Solute potential

Answer 2

The potential of water at sea level, open, and room temp is 0. Once molecules are added to create a solution, the potential goes down. It’s a negative number.

Question 3

Pressure potential

Answer 3

Hydrostatic pressure. Partly determined by the cell wall and turgidity. Can be positive or negative.

Question 4

Water content and its usefulness

Answer 4

helps create drought resistant crops.
Fresh weight is the plant sample in its current state.
Turgid weight is the plant weight after soaking.
Dry weight is after the sample has been dehydrated. subtract the dry weight from the fresh and turgid weights and take the ratio of fresh to dry.

Question 5

Transmembrane transport

Answer 5

The sharing of a substrate between adjacent cells through cell membranes.

Question 6

Symplastic transport.

Answer 6

The sharing of substances from cytosol to cytosol through a channel called plasmodesmata.

Question 7

Apoplastic transport.

Answer 7

Movement of solutes along cell walls and spaces between cells.

Question 8

Cohesion-tension theory of water

Answer 8

All water is connected to each other through weak hydrogen bonds. As water leaves the top of a plant through dehydration, the water molecule that leaves pulls all water molecules up and draws water in at the root.

Question 9

Pressure flow theory of phloem tansport.

Answer 9

Sink tissues have low pressure and solute concentration. Source tissues where sugars are made have high pressure and concentration. This pushes the sugar along the phloem to the sink tissue.

Question 10

Define
Sclerenchyma,
Collenchyma
Perenchyma,

Answer 10

Perenchyma—1 thin cell wall-flexible (Thin branch, leaves) often conducts photosynthesis. AKA mesophil—Most of what one eats is perenchyma.
Collenchyma—1 thick cell wall (celery or old okra), it bends but doesn’t break, supports plant organs.
Sclerenchyma—2 thick cell walls. (Woody plants, trunk) Very inflexible. Mature sclerenchyma is dead.

Question 11

Monocots and dicots difference if leaf numbers as an embryo and adult.

Answer 11

dicots are plants that have two seed leaves when they are embryos. As grown plants, their petals and other structures are in multiples of 4 or 5.
Monocots are plants that have one seed leaf. And gown plants have petals and other structures in multiples of 3.

Question 12

Humus

Answer 12

Soil made from decaying plants and animals. Very rich in nutrients. Compost mimics this type of soil.

Question 13

Loam

Answer 13

the ideal mixture of sand, silt, and clay.

Other soils are created ie., sandy soils are 45% sand and 35% or less clay.