Ch 38

Question 1

Channels

Answer 1

Proteins form membrane pores allow movement of ions and molecules across membranes

Question 2

Transporters

Answer 2

Proteins that find molecules on the side of a membrane and then change conformation so that the molecule is released on the other side of the membrane

Question 3

Aquaporins

Answer 3

Protein channels that allow facilitated diffusion of water

Question 4

Symporter

Answer 4

A protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane

Question 5

Turgor pressure

Answer 5

The pressure needed to stop net flow of water across a plasma membrane because of osmosis

Question 6

Turgid

Answer 6

A plant cell that’s completely full of water

Question 7

Plasmolysis

Answer 7

The plasma membrane no longer presses against a cell wall

Question 8

Flaccid

Answer 8

The happy medium between a placid cell and a turgid cell

Question 9

Water potential

Answer 9

The potential energy of water due to solute concentration and a cell wall

Question 10

Osmotic adjustment

Answer 10

When a plant changes its solute concentration of the cytosol to cope with low water supply in the earth

Question 11

Transmembrane transport

Answer 11

When cells exchange material from one cell to the other

Question 12

Endodermis

Answer 12

Cells stop sharing materials at the endodermis

Question 13

Casparian strip

Answer 13

Waxy strips in the root system prevents movement of water and solutes through endodermal cell walls

Question 14

Bulk flow

Answer 14

The mass movement of liquid caused by pressure, gravity, or both across long distances

Question 15

Tracheary elements

Answer 15

Tracheids and vessel elements that allow water to move through them and not collapse while providing structural support to the plant

Question 16

Root pressure

Answer 16

Pushing water up the shoot to distribute ions that had collected overnight

Question 17

Guttation

Answer 17

Droplets of water that appear on the edges of leaves as the result of root pressure

Question 18

Guard cell

Answer 18

Sausage shaped chloroplast containing cells that open stomata as they fill with water and close as they dehydrate

Question 19

Leaf abscission

Answer 19

When drought occurs plants drop their leaves as a coping mechanism

Question 20

Sieve tube element

Answer 20

Part of the phloem. These are arranged end to end to form transport pipes to help transport organic material made in photosynthesis

Question 21

Companion cell

Answer 21

Work with sieve tube elements to create transport pipes

Question 22

Phloem loading

Answer 22

Companion cells move sugars into sieve tube elements for long distance transport