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Bio 2 Unit 2 > Ch 35 Plant Formation/Function Terms > Flashcards

Ch 35 Plant Formation/Function Terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Meristem

A

(Greek to divide) A region of undifferentiated cells that produces new tissues by cell division.

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2
Q

Vegetative Growth

A

The size of the shoot, root systems, and reproductive development.

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3
Q

Indeterminate Growth

A

The apical meristems of vegetative shoots will continue to produce new stem tissue and leaves indefinitely because it isn’t constrained by a reproductive structure.

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4
Q

Annual

A

Plants that die after producing seeds their first year of life.

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5
Q

Biennial

A

Plants do not reproduce their first year, but may reproduce the second year. The first year they store food in fleshy roots. (carrots, parsnips, and sugar beets)

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6
Q

Perennial

A

Plants that live longer than 2 years and produce seed every year once the reach reproductive maturity.

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7
Q

SAM

A

Shoot Apical Meristem. The embryo of a plant only has to growth points. The shoot creates meristematic tissues to increase plant length, and produce new organs called primary meristems.

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8
Q

RAM

A

Root Apical Meristem. Produces rapidly dividing cells at plant root tips.

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9
Q

Primary Growth

A

Produces primary tissues and organs of different types.

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10
Q

Secondary Growth

A

Growth occurs from secondary meristems and increases the firth of woody plant stems and roots.

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11
Q

Sclereids

A

Star- or stone-shaped plant cells having tough lignified cells.

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12
Q

Vascular Bundle

A

Plant conduction system is open and The primary vascular tissues are in elongate clusters that look round or oval when cross-cut. Beans are arranged in a circle. Corn bundles are scattered.

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13
Q

Leaf Primordia

A

Young leaves produced at the sides of a SAM.

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14
Q

Palisade Parenchyma

A

Closely packed, elongated cells of the inner leaf that are adapted to absorb sunlight efficiently.

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15
Q

Spongy Parenchyma

A

Located closer to the lower leaf surface, round cells separated by abundant air spaces. Absorb CO2 and release O2.

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16
Q

Mesophyll

A

The Palisade parenchyma and Spongy parenchyma together.

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17
Q

Taproot

A

Most eudicots the plant has one main root from the embryo that develops first and has many branch roots.

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18
Q

Fibrous root

A

Monocots, the embryonic root dies after seed germination and is replaced by multiple roots that grow from the stem of the base.

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19
Q

Adventitious Root

A

Structures that are produced on the surfaces of stems (sometimes leaves) of both monocots and eudicots.

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20
Q

Trichome

A

Some leaf epidermal cells differentiate into spiky or hairlike projections. The protect from excessive light, UV radiation, extreme air temp, excessive water loss, or attack by herbivores.

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21
Q

Guard Cell

A

Located on both sides of stomata. They allow stomata to be open during moist conditions and close when conditions are dry.

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22
Q

Herbaceous

A

Such as corn and beans produce mostly primary vascular tissues.

23
Q

Woody

A

Produce both primary and secondary vascular tissues.

24
Q

Lenticel

A

The outer bark is interrupted by passages that allow inner stem tissues to accomplish gas exchange.

25
Q

Periderm

A

Cork cambium (secondary meristem that produces cork), layers of cork tissue, and associated parenchyma cells.

26
Q

Endodermis

A

Specialized cells for absorption of water and minerals in the roots.

27
Q

Pericycle

A

A cylinder of tissue having cell division capacity encloses the root vascular tissue.

28
Q

Name the term

(Greek to divide) A region of undifferentiated cells that produces new tissues by cell division.

A

Meristem

29
Q

Name the term

The size of the shoot, root systems, and reproductive development.

A

Vegetative Growth

30
Q

Name the term

The apical meristems of vegetative shoots will continue to produce new stem tissue and leaves indefinitely because it isn’t constrained by a reproductive structure.

A

Indeterminate Growth

31
Q

Name the term

Plants that die after producing seeds their first year of life.

A

Annual

32
Q

Name the term

Plants do not reproduce their first year, but may reproduce the second year. The first year they store food in fleshy roots. (carrots, parsnips, and sugar beets)

A

Biennial

33
Q

Name the term

Plants that live longer than 2 years and produce seed every year once the reach reproductive maturity.

A

Perennial

34
Q

Name the term

Shoot Apical Meristem. The embryo of a plant only has to growth points. The shoot creates meristematic tissues to increase plant length, and produce new organs called primary meristems.

A

SAM

35
Q

Name the term

Root Apical Meristem. Produces rapidly dividing cells at plant root tips.

A

RAM

36
Q

Name the term

Produces primary tissues and organs of different types.

A

Primary Growth

37
Q

Name the term

Growth occurs from secondary meristems and increases the firth of woody plant stems and roots.

A

Secondary Growth

38
Q

Name the term

Star- or stone-shaped plant cells having tough lignified cells.

A

Sclereids

39
Q

Name the term

Plant conduction system is open and The primary vascular tissues are in elongate clusters that look round or oval when cross-cut. Beans are arranged in a circle. Corn bundles are scattered.

A

Vascular Bundle

40
Q

Name the term

Young leaves produced at the sides of a SAM.

A

Leaf Primordia

41
Q

Name the term

Closely packed, elongated cells of the inner leaf that are adapted to absorb sunlight efficiently.

A

Palisade Parenchyma

42
Q

Name the term

Located closer to the lower leaf surface, round cells separated by abundant air spaces. Absorb CO2 and release O2.

A

Spongy Parenchyma

43
Q

Name the term

The Palisade parenchyma and Spongy parenchyma together.

A

Mesophyll

44
Q

Name the term

Most eudicots the plant has one main root from the embryo that develops first and has many branch roots.

A

Taproot

45
Q

Name the term

Monocots, the embryonic root dies after seed germination and is replaced by multiple roots that grow from the stem of the base.

A

Fibrous root

46
Q

Name the term

Structures that are produced on the surfaces of stems (sometimes leaves) of both monocots and eudicots.

A

Adventitious Root

47
Q

Name the term

Some leaf epidermal cells differentiate into spiky or hairlike projections. The protect from excessive light, UV radiation, extreme air temp, excessive water loss, or attack by herbivores.

A

Trichome

48
Q

Name the term

Located on both sides of stomata. They allow stomata to be open during moist conditions and close when conditions are dry.

A

Guard Cell

49
Q

Name the term

Such as corn and beans produce mostly primary vascular tissues.

A

Herbaceous

50
Q

Name the term

Produce both primary and secondary vascular tissues.

A

Woody

51
Q

Name the term

The outer bark is interrupted by passages that allow inner stem tissues to accomplish gas exchange.

A

Lenticel

52
Q

Name the term

Cork cambium (secondary meristem that produces cork), layers of cork tissue, and associated parenchyma cells.

A

Periderm

53
Q

Name the term

Specialized cells for absorption of water and minerals in the roots.

A

Endodermis

54
Q

Name the term

A cylinder of tissue having cell division capacity encloses the root vascular tissue.

A

Pericycle

Bio 2 Unit 2 (6 decks)

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