Compounds and Stoichiometry

Question 1

Gram equivalent weight =

Molar mass/ n

Answer 1

n is the number of particles of interest produced or consumed per molecule of the compound.

Ex. Just as one mole of HCl will donate one mole of H+, a certain mass of HCl (36.5 g) will also donate one equivalent of hydrogen ions.

Question 2

Equivalents

Answer 2

Mass of a compound (g) / Gram equivalent weight (g)

Question 3

Normality

Answer 3

Equivalents / Liters

Question 4

Molarity

Answer 4

Moles / liter

or

Normality / n

• n is the number of protons, ions, or electrons produced or consumed by the solute

Question 5

Percent composition

Answer 5

(Mass of element in formula / molar mass) x 100%

Question 6

Combination reaction

Answer 6

Has two or more reactants forming one product

Question 7

Decomposition reactions

Answer 7

A single reactant breaks down into two or more products.

Question 8

Combustion reactions

Answer 8

Involves a fuel–usually a hydrogcarbon–and an oxidant (normally oxygen).

• CO2 and O2 are almost always present

Question 9

Single displacement reactions

Answer 9

Occurs when an atom or ion in a compound is replaced by an atom or ion of another element.

Question 10

double-displacement reactions

Answer 10

Elements from two different compounds swap places with each other to form two new compounds.

Question 11

Neutralization reactions

Answer 11

A specific type of double-displacement reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt (and usually water).

Question 12

Common conversions

Answer 12

• 1 mole of any ideal gas at STP = 22.4 L
• 1 mole of any substance = 6.022 x 10²³ particles
• 1 mole of any substance = its molar mass

Question 13

Percent Yield

Answer 13

Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield x 100%

Question 14

Electrolytes

Answer 14

Solutes that enable solutions to carry currents