Atomic Structure

Question 1

Isotopes

Answer 1

Atoms that share an atomic number but have different mass numbers are known as isotopes

• Differ in number of neutrons

Question 2

Electrons

Answer 2

Negatively charged.

The electrons closer to the nucleus are at lower energy levels, while those that are further out (in higher shells) have higher energy.

Question 3

The energy of a quantum is given by the Planck relation:

Answer 3

E = hf

f is frequency of radiation

h is Planck’s constant: 7 x 10^-34 Js

Question 4

Ground state

Answer 4

The state of lowest energy. All electrons are in the lowest possible orbitals. (n=1)

Question 5

As electrons go from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, they get AHED

Answer 5

Absorb light

Higher Potential

Excited

Distant (from the nucleus)

Question 6

The electromagnetic energy of photons can be determined using the following equation:

Answer 6

E = hc / wavelength

• The energy of the emitted photon corresponds to the difference in energy between the higher-energy initial state and the lower-energy final state. The larger the difference in energy, the shorter the wavelength, and the more energy released as light/radiation