Compounding & Excipients Flashcards
Magnesium Oxide/Carbonate
Kaolin
Adsorbents, keep powders dry
Simethicone
Dimethicone
Anti-foaming agent, Break up and inhibit formation of foam
Ascorbic acid Ascorbyl palmitate Sodium ascorbate Bisulfate Sulfoxylate Thiosulfate
Antioxidants
Prevents oxidation
Acacia
starch paste
sucrose syrup
Binders, adhesive materials to hold powders together
Potassium Phosphate
Metaphosphate
Sodium Acetate
Citrate
Buffers, maintain the formulation within the acceptable pH range
Shellac
Gelatin
Gluten (food grade)
Coatings, prevent degradation due to oxygen, light, moisture, mask unpalatable taste
FD&C Red No.3
Yellow No. 6
Caramel
Ferric Oxide
Coloring agents, provides color to the compounded product (should correlate w/ flavor)
Lactose Calcium Salt Starch Mannitol Sorbitol Cellulose
Diluent, adds size to very smal dosages, or help suspend the drug in liquids and aid in disintegration
Alginic Acid
Polacrilin Potassium
Starches
Cellulose
Disintegrant, helps oral products dissolve to aid in absorption
Aquaphor Petrolatum Vaseline Eucerin Cetaphil
Emollient, Softens and soothes the skin or mucous membranes, provides a barrier, acts as vehicle for drug delivery
Cellulose Acetate Phthalate
Schellac
Enteric-Coating, prevent dissolution in the stomach and mast poor taste
Syrups & oils Sucrose Glucose Aspartame Phenylalanine
Flavorings/Sweeteners, masks bad tastes
*do not use Phenylalanine in PKU
Agar Alginate Gum (guar, Xantham, acacia) Gelatin tragacanth Bentonite Carbomer Starch PLO
Gelling Agent (thickener), increases viscosity of the liquid
Colloidal Silica
Magnesium Stearate
Glidant, Improves flow of properties of the powder mixture in tablet and capsule formulations by reducing interparticle friction
Glycerin
Sorbitol
Propylene Glycol
Humectant/plasticizer, prevents preparations from being dry and brittle
Polyethylene Glycol Alcohol Caprylic or Lauric Acid Lemoxene Terpenes
Hydrophilic Solvent, liquid with high miscibility w/ water to dissolve solutes
Borage, canola, coconut oil
Omega-3, Omega-6 fats
Hydrophobic solvent, liquid with low or no miscibility w/ water to dissolve solutes
Mineral oil glycerin Glycol PEG Propylene glycol
Levigating agent, liquids used in the process of reducing particle size
Magnesium Stearate
Calcium
PEG
glycerin, mineral oil
Lubricant, anti-adherent, helps ingredients from sticking to each other/equipment
Parabens Sodium Benzoate Chlorhexidine EDTA Benzalkonium chloride Thimerosal
Preservative, prevents growth of bacteria or other pathogens
Cocoa Butter
Hydrogenated vegeteable oil
Glycerinated gelatin
Suppository base, stay intact for insertion and melt while there
Water
water as an excipient for non-sterile compounding and cleaning, as well as reconstiution
potable water is fine for drinking unless higher purity is noted. (e.g. distilled/Purified)
HLB number
<10 = fat soluble (w/o) >10 = water soluble (o/w)
Fat soluble Surfactants
HLB #
Span 65 - Sorbitan Tristearate
Glyceryl Monostearate
Tween 81 - Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (10 HLB)
Water Soluble Surfactants
HLB #
PEG 400 Monooleate
Tween 85
Tween 81 - (10 HLB)
Continental Gum
Levigate gum w/ oil then add water all at once until cracking is heard
English Gum
Triturate water and gum, then add oil slowly
What order of ointments/creams/lotions etc has most water?
Lotions (most)
Creams (>20% water)
Ointments (<20% water)
Pastes (lowest water content)
Solution
E.g.
Homogenous solute dissolved in solvent Syrups Elixirs Tinctures Spirits
Suspension
E.g.
Solid dispersed in liquid (two phase heterogenous mix, uses levigating agent)
Ora-plus
Ora-sweet
VersaFree
Emulsion
E.g.
Liquid dispersed in a liquid
(oil in water, or water in oil)
Uses an emulsifer surfactant)
Acacia Agar Carbomers Glyceryl Monostearate Pectin PEG Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Emulsifiers, reduces surface tension between oil and water (surfactant)
