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Art 2017 > Composition > Flashcards

Composition Flashcards

1
Q

what is composing

A

arrangement of subject matter in the format

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2
Q

what is the composition

A

the final result of composing an artwork. it is vert important and can often make or break the success of an artwork

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3
Q

what are the three planes that composition is divided up into

A

the background, the foreground and the middle ground

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4
Q

what is composition

A

the combination of the art elements to form a pleasing whole. the arrangement of colours, forms, etc. must form a visually pleasing or stimulating unity.

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5
Q

what is the focal point

A

the area of interest to which the viewers eye is drawn to when viewing the artwork

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6
Q

what are the principles of composition/design

A 
balanace
rhythm/movement
emphasis
unity/harmony
contrast
proportion 
pattern
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7
Q

what is balance

A

it refers to the arrangement of the elements to create stability in an artwork. ( looks and feels right )

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8
Q

what is symmetrical balance

A

both sides are similar in visual weight and almost mirrored. it often looks stiff and formal

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9
Q

what is asymmetrical balance

A

both sides are similar is visual weight but not mirrored. usually creates more interesting compositions

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10
Q

what is radial balance

A

it is not very common in compositions. arranged like a flower (daisy/sunflower). everything is arag`nged around a centre. rose windows of cathedrals used this design

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11
Q

what is rhythm/ movement

A

it refers to the ways of combining art elements to produce a sense of flow or movement in an artwork.

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12
Q

what are the different types of rhythm/movement

A

repetition
alternation
progression

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13
Q

what is emphasis

A

developing points of interest that pull the viewer’s eye to important parts of the artwork. also refers to the focal point of the composition

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14
Q

how can emphasis be created

A

through the use of tone, colour, space,etc.

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15
Q

what is unity/harmony

A

refers to the wholeness which results from the successful combination of the elements of an artwork. everything fits well and creates a pleasing unity

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16
Q

what is contrast

A

refers to the visual differences in an artwork. very important factor in an artwork and creates interesting compositions

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17
Q

what differences does contrast refer to

A

line, shapes, tonal values, colours. etc

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18
Q

how can contrast also be seen

A

bright colours and dull colours, angular shapes with round shapes ,etc.

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19
Q

proportion

A

the size relationship of parts of a whole and to one another. sometimes they are ingnored, enlarged or changed to create a certain effect, such as an emotional impact

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20
Q

what is a pattern

A

the repetition of motifs

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21
Q

what is media

A

medium refers to the material used to make the artwork

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22
Q

how do artists choose their medium

A

first they have an idea, and then, through trial and error, they

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23
Q

what are the two-dimensional media

A 
drawing 
painting 
tempera
fresco
oil painting
water colour 
acrylic 
collage
photo montage
mixed media
photography
relief prints 
intaglio prints
planographic
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24
Q

how do most artists use drawing

A

they usually use it as preparatory work before doing the final work in another medium.

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25
Q

what are some of the drawing materials

A 
charcoal
pencil
a variety of pens
pen and/or brush and ink
crayons, conte 
chalk pastels- need to be sprayed with fixative to preserve it
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26
Q

what does the painting media consist of

A

pigment, a liquid called vehicle or medium in which the pigments are mixed on a pallet, and a surface ( a wall, board, canvas, paper, etc.) called a support to which the mixture is applied

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27
Q

what is tempera

A

an old painting technique known to the Egyptians, greeks and Romans. main medium for small scale paintings until the development of oil painting during the Renaissance

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28
Q

what did tempera use

A

it used colour pigment extracted from minerals, egg yolk used as an adhesive, and water to liquefy the paint. the surface that was going to be painted on was often prepared with a thin coating of plaster or gesso

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29
Q

what was the nature of the medium tempera

A

it was linear in nature- it was usually neat within the shapes and had a matt finish. it dries too quickly for brush strokes to be blended, but shapes can be modeled by a series of fine brush strokes.

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30
Q

what was gold leaf used as in tempera

A

backgrounds, haloes, and drapery detail

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31
Q

who developed the fresco technique

A

the ancient mediterranean civilizations and it was refined by italian renaissance painters

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32
Q

what is fresco

A

a painting made with pigments mixed with water and painted onto a wall when the plaster is still wet. the pigment is absorbed by the wet plaster; after several, the plaster dries and reacts with the air( a chemical reaction which fixes the pigment particles in the plaster)

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33
Q

what is a fresco painting on dry plaster called

A

fresco secco. it is less durable than true fresco

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34
Q

what is true fresco called

A

buon fresco

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35
Q

what was the range of colours like in fresco paintings

A

there was a limited range of colours. they are usually painted in light and muted colours. it had a chalky appearance

36
Q

what are oil paints

A

they are slow drying paints that consist of particles of pigment suspended in a a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. its thickness can be changed my adding turpentine or white spirits. varnish may be added to increase the glossiness of the dried film.

37
Q

why are oil paints popular

A

because they can be used in many different ways. glazing- thin layers of paint. impasto- thick, direct painting

38
Q

what characterizes oil paint

A

its rich luminosity. it can also create very dark tones. it blends easily into the surounding paints and allows coours to blend very subtly

39
Q

what is water colour

A

a transparent water-soluble painting medium.

40
Q

what is acrylic

A

it is a waterbased synthetic paint developed during the 20th century

41
Q

what is a collage

A

a composition of images from newspapers and magazines that have been stuck down on a flat surface. it is often combined with drawing and painting media

42
Q

what is a photo montage

A

a collage which is formed by parts of different images that have been stuck together to form an image.

43
Q

what is mixed media

A

it is when an artist used different medua, materials and techniques in one artwork

44
Q

what is photography

A

the process and art of recording pictures by means of capturing light-sensitive medium, such as film or electronic sensor

45
Q

how does digital photography work

A

with light-sensitive digital pixels

46
Q

what is digital art

A

making use of a new digital media such as computers and the internet

47
Q

what is a print

A

it can be reproduced several times. it involves ink, paper, a plate and a surface such as a piece of wood or copper on which to make the design

48
Q

how do you produce a print

A

a piece of paper in pressed or rolled against the inked plate

49
Q

what was printmaking traditionally regarded as

A

as a means of reproducing paintings and drawings or illustrating books.

50
Q

what is printmaking regarded as now

A

a fine art

51
Q

what is a relief print

A

bits of the artwork will stick up from the surface of the plate. the artist will cut away the areas that they want to remain white. black ink is rolled across the plate

52
Q

what are some of the relief prints

A

woodcuts
wood engravings
linocuts

53
Q

what are woodcuts

A

the earliest form of relief print. usually have bold, forceful line. the gran of the wood can play a part

54
Q

what are linocuts

A

they allow a freer, mor spontaneous line. work is unhampered by the grain (softer appearance)

55
Q

what is reduction printing

A

the name used to describe the process of using one block to print several layers of color on one print

56
Q

what is an intaglio print

A

it is the opposite of a relief print. they cut lines that are to be printed in the plate. usually a sheet of metal such as copper is used

57
Q

what is engraving

A

a type of intaglio print. it is a direct method of cutting into the plate with a buri. it is a slow and demanding technique. the wider and deeper the cut, the darker the printed lines as the ink fills the engraved line

58
Q

what is etching

A

another form of intaglio printing. it requires a metal plate coated with 2 hard acit-resist grounds - wax on the working surface and varnish on the back. designs are drawn by scratching the wax ground with a blunt steel neadle set in a wooden holder. an acid bath bites out the design, but only where the metal plate is exposed.

59
Q

what is etching often combined with

A

a toning method known as aquatint

60
Q

what is planographic

A

it is a type of printing, the images on the surface of the plate

61
Q

what are the different types of planographic prints

A

lithography
screen-printing
monoprints
collagraphy

62
Q

what is a lithograph

A

the artist draws on a block of limestone with a greasy crayon. the surface is dampened with water and the greasy lines resist the water. ink is then rolled onto the stone. the ink sticks to the greasy lines and repels the water

63
Q

what is screen-printing

A

a modern printing method and it uses a stencil method. it uses a stencil made or paper of lacquered film stuck over a fine-mesh fabric stretched over a frame. the printing ink is forced through the screen with a rubber squeegee

64
Q

what is a monoprint

A

a single impression taken from a design painted on a plat surface

65
Q

what is a collagraphy

A

it is a printmaking technique in which textures material is stuck to the printing matrix. the texture us transferred to the paper during the printing process

66
Q

what are some 3d media

A 
sculpture
carving 
modeling
casting 
construction
67
Q

what is a freestanding sculpture

A

a 3D sculpture and can be viewed from all sides

68
Q

what is a relief sculpture

A

it is often part of architecture. high relief- forms are deeply carved and protrude. low relief- figures exist on nearly the same level as in a drawing

69
Q

what media was used for carving

A

hard materials such as stones (marble, sandstone ), wood, ivory etc.

70
Q

what tools were used for carving

A

hammers and chisels

71
Q

why is the material carved away

A

to liberate the form contained int he block

72
Q

what happens when the sculpture is done

A

the surface of the sculpture is usually polished to remove any marks made by tools

73
Q

what is used for modelling

A

soft, malleable materials such as clay, plaster and wax

74
Q

what is an armature

A

a simple skeleton of harder material such as wood or wire.

75
Q

why would someone need to use an armature

A

because a certain substance may not be able to stand alone

76
Q

what is modelling

A

plaster is typically built up over an armature by strips of fabric that have been dipped in wet plaster of paris. the final layer consists only of plaster and is finished off using hands or knives

77
Q

what media is used in casting

A

bronze and plastic

78
Q

what is casting

A

easily-shaped material are used to make a negative mould into which a molten material such as bronze is poured and the allowed to harden. the mould is removed and the sculpture can be finished off

79
Q

what is used in construction

A

various materials such as steel, wood, etc.

80
Q

what is construction

A

one or more materials are attached to form an aesthetically unified whole. some works make use of found objects such as feathers, glass, etc.

81
Q

what tools are used in construction

A

hammers, blowtorches, nails, glue, etc.

82
Q

what is kinetic art

A

moving sculpture. movement is generated by natural forces such as wind in a mobile or electricity, magnets

83
Q

what is new media

A

contemporary artists use unusual materials that are not traditionally seen as art materials

84
Q

what is installation

A

an artwork that integrates the exhibition space as part of the work

85
Q

what is assemblage

A

a 3D form of collage. often makes use of found objects transforming them into art

86
Q

what is a medium

A

it is what was used to create the artwork

87
Q

what is technique

A

not the medium, but how it was used

Art 2017 (15 decks)

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