Complications of Maternity Flashcards
S/S of Miscarriage
spotting and cramping (combination of both is more indicative of a miscarriage)
Treatment for a Miscarriage
measures HCG levels (worry when levels drop), bedrest and pelvic rest(no sex), if miscarriage imminent (IV, Blood, D&C)
Patho of Hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy)
benign neoplasm, can turn malignant; grape like clusters of vesicles; may/may not have fetus involved
How does pregnancy start in molar pregnancy?
uterus enlarges too fast
S/S of Molar Pregnancy
absence of FHTs, bleeding (sometimes vesicles)
Diagnosis for molar pregnancy:
confirmed with u/s
Patho of Hyperemesis Gravidarum:
starts like regular morning sickness, excessive vomiting (dehydration, starvation, death)
Causes of hyperemesis gravidarum
r/t high levels of estrogen and HCG
S/S of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
BP drops, H/H increase, UO decrease, K+ decrease, weight decrease
What will patients with Hyperemesis Gravidarum have in urine?
ketones (because breaking down body fat)
Treatment for Hyperemesis Gravidarum:
NPO for 48 hrs, IVFs 3000 ml for 1st 24 hrs, antemetic, vitamins, quiet environment, oral hygiene, don’t talk about food, keep emesis basin out of view, icy cold or steamy hot food/liquids, well ventilated room
S/S of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
rigid board like abd, w/wo vaginal bleeding, abd pain and uterine tone, difficult to palpate fetus
Incompetent Cervix Patho:
This is what cervix dilates prematurely; occurs in fourth month of pregnancy; hx of repeated, painless, 2nd trimester miscarriages
What causes incompetent cervix?
weight of baby causes pressure on cervix causing it to prematurely dilate
Treatment of Incompetent Cervix
purse string suture (cerclage) at 14-18 wks-reinforces cervix; may have C-section to preserve suture; 80-90% chance of carrying baby to term after cerlage
Fetal Complications with Incompetent Cervix:
preterm delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, fetal distress, anemia
Maternal Complications with Incompetent Cervix:
hemorrhage, potential DIC risk
Abruptio Placenta Patho:
placenta implanted normally, may be partial or complete, separates prematurely (bleeds), seen in last half of pregnancy, u/s to confirm diagnosis
Causes of Abruptio Placenta:
motor vehicle crash, domestic violence, previous C-section, rapid decompression of uterus (membranes rupture), associated w/cocaine, PIH, and smoking
Patho of Placenta Previa:
most common cause of bleeding in later mnths (usually 7th); placenta has implanted wrong; an u/s will be done to confirm placental location
