Complications of Immobility and Bedrest

Question 1

What are the learning objectives of this part of the course?

Answer 1

Understand the effects of immobility and bedrest, why bedrest is indicated, potential complications, and know nursing interventions.

Question 2

Define mobility.

Answer 2

The ability to move about freely.

Question 3

Define immobility.

Answer 3

The inability to move about freely

Question 4

Define bed rest

Answer 4

An intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons.

Question 5

What are some reasons for bed rest?

Answer 5

Allows for healing from injury/illness, elevate limbs, reduce/prvent bleeding, reduce pain, reduce/prevent postural hypotension, and allow for rest as needed.

Question 6

Is movement really that necessary?

Answer 6

Yes, it is important for our body systems and ensures they are working efficiently.

Question 7

What are the metabolic effects on the body of immobility and bedrest?

Answer 7

Decrease in MR, altered metabolism, change in appetite, and resorption of calcium from bones to circulation.

Question 8

What are the nursing interventions related to metabolic changes as a result of immobility and bedrest.

Answer 8

Assess, ensure a high protein/high KJ diet including vitamin B & C, and possible parenteral/enteral feeding.

Question 9

Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the respiratory system?

Answer 9

Difficulty fully expanding lungs, respiratory secretions, and potential chest infection.

Question 10

What are the nursing interventions related to respiratory changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?

Answer 10

Assess, position patient upright as often as possible, change position 2 hourly, encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises, monitor for chest infections, physio, and suction.

Question 11

Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the skeletal system?

Answer 11

Increased secretion of ca, possible hypercalcemia, loss of bone mass, and potential osteoporosis and fractures.

Question 12

What are the nursing interventions related to skeletal changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?

Answer 12

Access for ROM, and monitor hypercalcemia via looking for confusion and looking at blood tests.

Question 13

Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 13

Muscle wasting, loss of muscle strength, contractures, and foot drop.

Question 14

What are the nursing interventions related to musculoskeletal changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?

Answer 14

Passive/active excercises 2-3 times a day, and frequent position changes.

Question 15

Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the bowels system?

Answer 15

Slowing of peristalsis, reduced gravitational effect on peristalsis, constipation, and impaction.

Question 16

What are the nursing interventions related to bowel changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?

Answer 16

Assess, maintain fluid intake, monitor bowel habits, change diet as needed, and use aperients as needed.

Question 17

Define peristalsis.

Answer 17

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.

Question 18

Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the urinary system?

Answer 18

Stasis of urine in kidney and bladder, bladder isnt emptying properly, UTIs, and renal calculi.

Question 19

What are the nursing interventions related to urinary changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?

Answer 19

Assess, maintain adequate fluid intake, position to empty bladder, and monitor for infection.

Question 20

Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 20

Orthostatic hypotension (low BP), increased cardiac workload, and thrombus-clotting-DVTS

Question 21

What are the nursing interventions related to cardiovascular changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?

Answer 21

Assess (BP&AP&PEDAL), early mobilisation, gradual mobilisation, ROM excersises, observe for any symptoms of clotting (SOB, swelling, redness, pain - especially in calf muscle) and prophylaxis (medications).

Question 22

Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the Integumentary system?

Answer 22

Pressure injury, impaired skin integrity, impaired tissue perfusion, potential infection, and infection.

Question 23

What are the nursing interventions related to Integumentary changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?

Answer 23

Assess and monitor skin integrity,

Question 24

Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the Integumentary system?

Answer 24

Pressure injury, imp

Question 25

What are the nursing interventions for maintaining skin integrity?

Answer 25

Position changes every 2 hourly, monitor skin every 2 hourly, and the use of pressure relief aids.

Question 26

What are some supports?

Answer 26

Pillows, footboards, trochanter rolls, hand rolls, and splints.

Question 27

What are some bed positions?

Answer 27

Supported fowlers, semi-fowlers, supine, prone, side-lying sims.

Question 28

What is the ideal degree of position of a patient in the bed?

Answer 28

45

Question 29

Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the psychosocial system?

Answer 29

Depression, mood swings, anxiety, boredom, frustration, and sleep.

Question 30

What are the nursing interventions related to psychosocial changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?

Answer 30

Maintain social contact - family, friends, and other patients. Staff contact, mental stimulation, contact with outside world, and work with the patient.

Question 31

Define impaired physical mobility.

Answer 31

A limitation in the ability to independently and purposely move, either the whole or part of the body such as a limb.

Question 32

Define bedrest.

Answer 32

an intervention that restrits