Complications of Immobility and Bedrest Flashcards
What are the learning objectives of this part of the course?
Understand the effects of immobility and bedrest, why bedrest is indicated, potential complications, and know nursing interventions.
Define mobility.
The ability to move about freely.
Define immobility.
The inability to move about freely
Define bed rest
An intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons.
What are some reasons for bed rest?
Allows for healing from injury/illness, elevate limbs, reduce/prvent bleeding, reduce pain, reduce/prevent postural hypotension, and allow for rest as needed.
Is movement really that necessary?
Yes, it is important for our body systems and ensures they are working efficiently.
What are the metabolic effects on the body of immobility and bedrest?
Decrease in MR, altered metabolism, change in appetite, and resorption of calcium from bones to circulation.
What are the nursing interventions related to metabolic changes as a result of immobility and bedrest.
Assess, ensure a high protein/high KJ diet including vitamin B & C, and possible parenteral/enteral feeding.
Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the respiratory system?
Difficulty fully expanding lungs, respiratory secretions, and potential chest infection.
What are the nursing interventions related to respiratory changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?
Assess, position patient upright as often as possible, change position 2 hourly, encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises, monitor for chest infections, physio, and suction.
Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the skeletal system?
Increased secretion of ca, possible hypercalcemia, loss of bone mass, and potential osteoporosis and fractures.
What are the nursing interventions related to skeletal changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?
Access for ROM, and monitor hypercalcemia via looking for confusion and looking at blood tests.
Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the musculoskeletal system?
Muscle wasting, loss of muscle strength, contractures, and foot drop.
What are the nursing interventions related to musculoskeletal changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?
Passive/active excercises 2-3 times a day, and frequent position changes.
Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the bowels system?
Slowing of peristalsis, reduced gravitational effect on peristalsis, constipation, and impaction.
What are the nursing interventions related to bowel changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?
Assess, maintain fluid intake, monitor bowel habits, change diet as needed, and use aperients as needed.
Define peristalsis.
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.
Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the urinary system?
Stasis of urine in kidney and bladder, bladder isnt emptying properly, UTIs, and renal calculi.
What are the nursing interventions related to urinary changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?
Assess, maintain adequate fluid intake, position to empty bladder, and monitor for infection.
Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the cardiovascular system?
Orthostatic hypotension (low BP), increased cardiac workload, and thrombus-clotting-DVTS
What are the nursing interventions related to cardiovascular changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?
Assess (BP&AP&PEDAL), early mobilisation, gradual mobilisation, ROM excersises, observe for any symptoms of clotting (SOB, swelling, redness, pain - especially in calf muscle) and prophylaxis (medications).
Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the Integumentary system?
Pressure injury, impaired skin integrity, impaired tissue perfusion, potential infection, and infection.
What are the nursing interventions related to Integumentary changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?
Assess and monitor skin integrity,
Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the Integumentary system?
Pressure injury, imp
What are the nursing interventions for maintaining skin integrity?
Position changes every 2 hourly, monitor skin every 2 hourly, and the use of pressure relief aids.
What are some supports?
Pillows, footboards, trochanter rolls, hand rolls, and splints.
What are some bed positions?
Supported fowlers, semi-fowlers, supine, prone, side-lying sims.
What is the ideal degree of position of a patient in the bed?
45
Due to immobility and bedrest what would be the effects on the psychosocial system?
Depression, mood swings, anxiety, boredom, frustration, and sleep.
What are the nursing interventions related to psychosocial changes as a result of immobility and bedrest?
Maintain social contact - family, friends, and other patients. Staff contact, mental stimulation, contact with outside world, and work with the patient.
Define impaired physical mobility.
A limitation in the ability to independently and purposely move, either the whole or part of the body such as a limb.
Define bedrest.
an intervention that restrits
