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PT607 > Complexity Of Human Movement > Flashcards

Complexity Of Human Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functional systems of the brain?

A

Sensory
Motor
Autonomic
&
High order functions: motivation memory, attention, cognition and executive

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2
Q

Reflex Theory

A

Stereotypical response to a specific stimulus; chaining

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3
Q

Chaining

A

Stimulus triggers a reflex response

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4
Q

Limitations of Reflex Theory

A

Absence of stimuli
Fast movements
Multiple responses
Novel movements

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5
Q

Hierarchical Theory

A

Control is from top to bottom; higher level exerts control

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6
Q

Limitations of the hierarchical theory

A

Can’t explain absense of stimuli
Stereotyped response
Doesn’t explain bottom up behaviors
Doesn’t explain novel movements

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7
Q

What is the Motor Program Theory?

A

Motor Control is not reactive;Movements may elicit by a sensory stimulus or intrinsically by a central process without afferent stimuli

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8
Q

What is the key point of the motor program theory?

A

Central motor program; exists in CNS, activated externally (outside stimulus) or centrally (voluntary or involuntary movement)

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9
Q

What did the motor program theory lead to?

A

Body-weight supported gait training; litegait & lokomat

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10
Q

Limitations of the Motor Program Theory

A

Storage problem
Does not explain musculoskeletal and environmental variation in motor task performance

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11
Q

Dynamical Systems Theory

A

Considers how the individual moves in their environmental

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12
Q

what is degrees of freedom?

A

Tasks can be completed in multiple ways; lots of possible movements at a joint

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13
Q

What is distributed control?

A

System work together cooperatively and produced movement through self organization; NOT hierarchical

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14
Q

What are synergies?

A

is a pattern of co-activation of muscles recruited by a single neural command signal; reduces computational load of nervous system

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15
Q

Music notes is compared to what?

A

Individual muscle action

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16
Q

Music melodies is compared to what?

A

Muscle synergies

17
Q

Symphonies is compared to?

A

Complete actions

18
Q

What is self-organization?

A

System parts come together, its elements behave in ordered way without specific commands

19
Q

What two parameters can affect function?

A

Movement speed
Task goal

20
Q

What fixes the degrees of freedom?

A

Synergies; reduces the computational load which provide us the most effective way to complete a task

21
Q

What is the Ecological Theory?

A

Focus on how actions enable us to interact with the environment; relies on perception

22
Q

What does the Ecological Theory emphasize?

A

Active Exploration

23
Q

Which theory is correct?

A

No theory answers all; important to recognize the elements of individual, the task and the environment when considering movement

24
Q

What do tasks require?

A

Stability
Mobility
Manipulation

25
Q

What is feedforward?

A

Plan before execution; fast goal directed actions
ex: throwing a dart, pick up jug of water, performing a sit to stand

26
Q

What is feedback?

A

Compares plan to result and enables correction; more engaged slower continuous movement
Ex: sudden perturbation when sitting or standing, driving along a curvy path

27
Q

What is the perception Action Contiuum?

A

Ongoing cycle of steps we take to complete a task

28
Q

What two stages of the perception action continuum are an example of perception?

A

Sensing and Perceiving

29
Q

What two stages of the perception action continuum are an example of cognition?

A

Interpreting, Conceptualizing and planning

30
Q

What two stages of the perception action continuum are an example of action?

A

Activating and execution

31
Q

What are the two types of feedback?

A

Knowledge of performance
Knowledge of Results

32
Q

What is knowledge of performance?

A

How a task was performed

33
Q

What is knowledge of results?

A

Whether the task was completed successfully

PT607 (12 decks)

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