Complexity Of Human Movement Flashcards
What are the major functional systems of the brain?
Sensory
Motor
Autonomic
&
High order functions: motivation memory, attention, cognition and executive
Reflex Theory
Stereotypical response to a specific stimulus; chaining
Chaining
Stimulus triggers a reflex response
Limitations of Reflex Theory
Absence of stimuli
Fast movements
Multiple responses
Novel movements
Hierarchical Theory
Control is from top to bottom; higher level exerts control
Limitations of the hierarchical theory
Can’t explain absense of stimuli
Stereotyped response
Doesn’t explain bottom up behaviors
Doesn’t explain novel movements
What is the Motor Program Theory?
Motor Control is not reactive;Movements may elicit by a sensory stimulus or intrinsically by a central process without afferent stimuli
What is the key point of the motor program theory?
Central motor program; exists in CNS, activated externally (outside stimulus) or centrally (voluntary or involuntary movement)
What did the motor program theory lead to?
Body-weight supported gait training; litegait & lokomat
Limitations of the Motor Program Theory
Storage problem
Does not explain musculoskeletal and environmental variation in motor task performance
Dynamical Systems Theory
Considers how the individual moves in their environmental
what is degrees of freedom?
Tasks can be completed in multiple ways; lots of possible movements at a joint
What is distributed control?
System work together cooperatively and produced movement through self organization; NOT hierarchical
What are synergies?
is a pattern of co-activation of muscles recruited by a single neural command signal; reduces computational load of nervous system
Music notes is compared to what?
Individual muscle action