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High Acuity Exam 1 > Complex Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Complex Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

atherosclerosis

A

causes CAD, lipids accumulate in arteries, forming a plaque

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2
Q

normal total cholesterol

A

140-199

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3
Q

triglycerides

A

under 150

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4
Q

HDL

A

over 45

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5
Q

LDL

A

under 100

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6
Q

ACS symptoms

A

nausea, diaphoresis, SOB, anxiety, heartburn, fatigue, palpitations, pallor, dysrhythmias

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7
Q

what groups often have abnormal ACS symptoms

A

diabetics, elderly, females

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8
Q

atypical ACS symptoms

A

GI upset, fatigue, gray/blue, neck/jaw/back pain, upset stomach

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9
Q

stable angina

A

caused by buildup of plaque, chest pain lasting 5-10 minutes resolving in rest

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10
Q

unstable angina

A

unpredictable chest pain, occurs when plaque is beginning to rupture, often leads to MI

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11
Q

unstable angina symptoms

A

not relieved with rest, transient/no EKG changes, no biomarker elevation

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12
Q

variant angina

A

chest pain occurring when vessel spasms, typically @ rest or while sleeping

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13
Q

variant angina treatment

A

calcium channel blockers - verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine

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14
Q

s/s of NSTEMI

A

ST depression, T wave inversion, elevated biomarkers

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15
Q

s/s of STEMI

A

ST elevation, T wave changes in 2 continuous leads

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16
Q

3 immediate steps in suspected ACS

A

assess presentation, 12 lead, biomarkers

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17
Q

troponin

A

released w cardiac necrosis

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18
Q

troponin T

A

less than 0, sex variations, raises with renal failure

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19
Q

troponin I

A

0-12; won’t raise with skeletal/renal damage

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20
Q

what should you give immediately with ACS

A

aspirin, nitro, morphine

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21
Q

other meds u may give with ACS

A

beta blockers, ACE inhibitor, high dose statin, heparin, Ca channel blocker

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22
Q

reperfusion techniques

A

fibrinolytics, CABG, PCI

23
Q

ideal STEMI treatment

A

PCI

24
Q

what to monitor for post cath

A

back pain, decreased UO, chest pain

25
Q

post cath complications

A

myocardial ischemia/thrombosis, bleeding, hematoma formation

26
Q

CABG post op equipment

A

A line, CVP, PA cath, chest tubes, pacing wires, vent, NG to LIS

27
Q

CABG post op care

A

early ambulation, extubate within 3 hours, cough pillow, pain & glucose control, strict BP control, neuro checks

28
Q

normal chest tube findings post CABG

A

up to 150ml/hour of blood

29
Q

contraindications to fibrinolytic administration

A

pregnancy, home blood thinners, recent stroke/trauma, bleeding disorder

30
Q

indications of improvement after fibrinolytic administration

A

improved chest pain, no ST elevation

31
Q

indications of worsening after fibrinolytic administration

A

increased pain, dysrhythmias

32
Q

side effects of fibrinolytics

A

bleeding - high risk of hemorrhagic stroke

33
Q

s/s of pulmonary edema

A

increased O2 needs, cyanosis, anxiety, pink frothy sputum, cool clammy skin, accessory muscle use, suffocating

34
Q

oxygenation interventions for pulmonary edema

A

CPAP/BIPAP, intubation

35
Q

CPAP/BIPAP considerations

A

must be able to take mask off themselves - will aspirate if they throw up

36
Q

medications for pulmonary edema

A

vasodilators, nitroglycerin, morphine

37
Q

causes of endocarditis

A

pacemaker insertion, cardiac cath, prosthetic valve, dental work, IV drug use

38
Q

endocarditis treatment

A

abx

39
Q

myocarditis

A

usually from viral process & treated too late - manage CHF or dysrhythmias

40
Q

pericarditis symptoms

A

pain at clavicular area, neck, scapula, friction rub, poor CO

41
Q

pericarditis treatment

A

NSAIDs for pain, pericardiocentesis

42
Q

valve regurgitation

A

valves don’t properly close, blood flows backward

43
Q

valve stenosis

A

valves do not fully open, leaflets become stiff, hypertrophy occurs

44
Q

possible cause of valve stenosis

A

endocarditis

45
Q

symptoms of valve disorders

A

fatigue, DOE, chest pain, heart failure

46
Q

medical management of valve disorders

A

oxygen, diuretics, manage dysrhythmias, abx

47
Q

cardiac tamponade patho

A

accumulation of fluid in pericardial sac - heart is compressed, ventricles can’t fully fill

48
Q

Beck’s triad

A

hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds

49
Q

symptoms of cardiac tamponade

A

beck’s triad, tachycardia, elevated CVP, decreased UO, impending doom

50
Q

cardiac tamponade treatment

A

emergent return to surgery - pericardiocentesis

51
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

A

enlarged LV, PVCs

52
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

thickened, stiff LV walls

53
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

LV contract & fills poorly

54
Q

takotsubo cardiomyopathy

A

broken heart syndrome, weakened LV with severe stress, resolves on its own or progresses into HF

High Acuity Exam 1 (7 decks)

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