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MF2 Final study > Complement > Flashcards

Complement Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of all complement pathways

A

Opsonophagocytosis
Inflammation
Lysis

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2
Q

First serine protease in classical pathway

A

C1r (also C1s)

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3
Q

3 proteins that make up the C1 complex

A

C1r, C1q, C1s

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4
Q

C1 complex (via C1q) binds these 3 types of antibodies

A

IgM, IgG1, and IgG3

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5
Q

Part of C1 complex that recognizes antibodies bound to the surface of bacteria
Or C-reactive protein in the absence of Ab

A

C1q

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6
Q

Protein that cleaves C4 into C4a and C4b in the classical complement pathway

A

C1s

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7
Q

Does C4a or C4b bind to the pathogen surface after C4 cleavage?

A

C4b

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8
Q

Classical C3 convertase

A

C4bC2a

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9
Q

Part of C3 that is a powerful chemoattractant

A

C3a

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10
Q

Part of C3 that is a powerful opsonin and coats pathogens for receptor recognition

A

C3b

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11
Q

This bond is exposed after cleavage of C3 and is rapidly hydrolyzed if it does not interact with either hydroxyl or amino groups on the surface of a pathogen

A

Thioester bond
This limits the diffusion of C3b and potential interaction with healthy host cells

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12
Q

Protein on macrophage that binds C3b deposited on bacterium

A

CR1 (complement receptor 1)

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13
Q

Opsonin that binds to complement receptor (CR1) on macrophages

A

C3b

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14
Q

Classical C5 convertase

A

C4bC2aC3b

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15
Q

Anaphylatoxins produced in the classical complement pathway which increase vascular permeability, establish a strong chemotactic gradient (recruit immune cells), and also cause smooth muscle contraction and release of histamine from mast cells

A

C3a and C5a

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16
Q

Part of C5 that is a chemoattractant

A

C5a

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17
Q

Part of C5 that binds to C6 to initiate MAC formation

A

C5b

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18
Q

Complement protein that polymerizes to form a transmembrane channel that compromises the integrity of cell membranes

A

C9

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19
Q

Lectin pathway of complement uses these 2 proteins which bind directly to microbial sugars
Are structurally similar to C1q

A

Mannose-binding lectins or Ficolins

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20
Q

Serine proteases in the lectin complement pathway

A

MASP-1 and MASP-2

21
Q

Mannose-binding lectin is synthesized by these cells

A

Hepatocytes

22
Q

Protein that acts as an opsonin by binding to mannose-containing carbohydrates of pathogens and triggers the lectin pathway of complement

A

Mannose-binding lectin

23
Q

Process that allows the thioester bond of C3 to be hydrolyzed without cleave into C3a and C3b, creating a protein known as iC3

A

Tickover

24
Q

Protein in the alternative complement pathway that binds Factor B

A

iC3

25
Q

Protein in the alternative complement pathway that binds iC3

A

Factor B

26
Q

Protein in the alternative complement pathway which binds iC3 and Factor B, cleaving Factor B into Ba and Bb, forming soluble iC3Bb

A

Factor D

27
Q

C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway

A

C3Bb

28
Q

Protein that binds C3b and changes its conformation, allowing Factor I to cleave and inactivate it

A

Factor H

29
Q

Protein that cleaves C3b into iC3b, inactivating it, after conformational change by Factor H

A

Factor I

30
Q

2 plasma proteins that regulate the complement cascade

A

C1 inhibitor and Factor H/I

31
Q

Membrane protein that stabilizes C3bBb and extends its life on the surface of a pathogen, increasing C3b opsonization

A

Properdin (Factor P)

32
Q

Membrane protein that removes Bb from C3bBb, making the alternative C3 convertase inactive

A

Decay accelerating factor (DAF)

33
Q

Membrane protein that removes Bb from C3b and allows Factor I to cleave and inactivate C3b

A

Membrane cofactor protein (MCP)

34
Q

2 proteins expressed at the surface of healthy host cells to prevent the alternative pathway from progressing

A

DAF and MCP

35
Q

Function of Properdin (Factor P)

A

Stabilizes C3bBb

36
Q

Function of decay-accelerating factor (DAF)

A

Removes Bb from C3bBb

37
Q

Function of membrane cofactor protein (MCP)

A

Removes Bb from C3b, allowing Factor I cleavage

38
Q

Initiator of the classical pathway

A

Either antibody (IgM or IgG) or C-reactive protein

39
Q

Initiator of the lectin complement pathway

A

Either mannose-binding lectin or ficolin

40
Q

Initiator of the alternative complement pathway

A

C3

41
Q

Pathway of complement that:
Does not require Ab
Does not require microbial sugar recognition
Does require inhibitors to prevent attack of self cells

A

Alternative pathway

42
Q

2 functions of type I interferons (IFN alpha and beta)

A

Induce resistance to viral replication in all cells
Activate NK cells to kill virus-infected cells

43
Q

Activating receptor on natural killer cells that sends strong activating signal into NK cells; overcomes the natural inhibitory signals

A

NKG2D

44
Q

2 classes of inhibitory and activating receptors on NK cells

A

Immunoglobulin-like receptors
Lectin-like receptors

45
Q

Inhibitory NK cell receptors naturally bind this and receive a negative signal

A

Host MHC

46
Q

Virus-infected cells down regulate this protein, and NK cell loses its negative signal

A

MHC

47
Q

Virus-infected cells express this protein at their surface, which binds activating receptor NKG2D to provide a positive signal

A

MIC protein

48
Q

Virus-infected cells express that MIC protein at their surface which binds to this

A

NKG2D (activating receptor; positive signal)

MF2 Final study (28 decks)

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