Competency 32: Physical & Chemical Properties of Matter

Question 1

Mass

Answer 1

How much matter & energy an object contains

Question 2

Weight

Answer 2

Measure of the gravitational force acting on an object.

Question 3

Density

Answer 3

Mass of a substance divided by its volume, which is the amount of space an object occupies.

Question 4

Boiling Point

Answer 4

The temp at which a liquid changes to gas

Question 5

Melting Point

Answer 5

The temp at which a solid changes to liquid

Question 6

Solubility

Answer 6

Amount of solute that will disolve in a specific solvent under given conditions. Dissolved substance is the solute, while the dissolving fluid is the solvent.

Question 7

Thermal Conductivity

Answer 7

Measure of substance’s ability to conduct heat

Question 8

Electrical Conductivity

Answer 8

Measure of a substance’s ability to conduct electrical current.

Question 9

Periodic Table Sections

Answer 9

Metals: more than 75% of table. Characterized by metallic shine or luster & usually solids @ room temp. Malleable, ductile, good conducters of heat & electricity.
Nonmetals: 17. Rarely have metallic luster, usually gasous at toom temp, those that are solid are neither malleable or ductile. Poor conducters of electricity.
Metalloids: 6. Fall in between Metals & Nonmetals.

Question 10

Matter

Answer 10

Anything that has mass and takes up space. Made up of atoms and molecules.

Question 11

3 states of matter

Answer 11

1) Gas- particles well seperated & constantly moving & vibrating. Assume shape of container, highly compressable and flow easily.
2) Liquid- Particles are packed more tightly together but have no arrangement. Particles able to slide past eachother, flowing easily. Assume shape of container.
3) Solid- Particles packed tightly together in regular pattern. Vibrate slightly but have no space to move. Neither flow nor are easily compressed. Particles are rigid & locked into place, retain fixed volume & shape.

Question 12

Atomic Number

Answer 12

Number of protons in that atom, determines the element. # neutrons may vary, creating isotopes of that element.

Question 13

Compound

Answer 13

A substance that consists of 2 or more different chemically bonded elements in a fixed ratio. Can exist in different states & can be decomposed.

Question 14

Mixture

Answer 14

Produced by mixing chemical substances.

Question 15

Solution

Answer 15

Made up of 2 parts: solute-type of compound & a solvent. solute dissolves by spreading out throughout solvent.

Question 16

Physical Changes

Answer 16

Crushing a can, pond freezing over.

Question 17

Chemical Changes

Answer 17

Burning sugar, rust.

Question 18

Covalent Bonds

Answer 18

When 2 or more atoms share electrons

Question 19

Ionic Bonds

Answer 19

When electrons are borrowed. One atom partly gives up electrons, becoming positively charged, while another atom partly accepts electrons, becoming negatively charged.

Question 20

Exothermic Reactions

Answer 20

Chemical reaction that releases energy

Question 21

Endothermic Reactions

Answer 21

Chemical reaction that requires energy

Question 22

Chemical Equation

Answer 22

A+B–> C+D

Reactants –> products, newly arranged atoms, must always be balanced. (same # of atoms on both sides)