Competency 32: Physical & Chemical Properties of Matter Flashcards
Mass
How much matter & energy an object contains
Weight
Measure of the gravitational force acting on an object.
Density
Mass of a substance divided by its volume, which is the amount of space an object occupies.
Boiling Point
The temp at which a liquid changes to gas
Melting Point
The temp at which a solid changes to liquid
Solubility
Amount of solute that will disolve in a specific solvent under given conditions. Dissolved substance is the solute, while the dissolving fluid is the solvent.
Thermal Conductivity
Measure of substance’s ability to conduct heat
Electrical Conductivity
Measure of a substance’s ability to conduct electrical current.
Periodic Table Sections
Metals: more than 75% of table. Characterized by metallic shine or luster & usually solids @ room temp. Malleable, ductile, good conducters of heat & electricity.
Nonmetals: 17. Rarely have metallic luster, usually gasous at toom temp, those that are solid are neither malleable or ductile. Poor conducters of electricity.
Metalloids: 6. Fall in between Metals & Nonmetals.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space. Made up of atoms and molecules.
3 states of matter
1) Gas- particles well seperated & constantly moving & vibrating. Assume shape of container, highly compressable and flow easily.
2) Liquid- Particles are packed more tightly together but have no arrangement. Particles able to slide past eachother, flowing easily. Assume shape of container.
3) Solid- Particles packed tightly together in regular pattern. Vibrate slightly but have no space to move. Neither flow nor are easily compressed. Particles are rigid & locked into place, retain fixed volume & shape.
Atomic Number
Number of protons in that atom, determines the element. # neutrons may vary, creating isotopes of that element.
Compound
A substance that consists of 2 or more different chemically bonded elements in a fixed ratio. Can exist in different states & can be decomposed.
Mixture
Produced by mixing chemical substances.
Solution
Made up of 2 parts: solute-type of compound & a solvent. solute dissolves by spreading out throughout solvent.
Physical Changes
Crushing a can, pond freezing over.
Chemical Changes
Burning sugar, rust.
Covalent Bonds
When 2 or more atoms share electrons
Ionic Bonds
When electrons are borrowed. One atom partly gives up electrons, becoming positively charged, while another atom partly accepts electrons, becoming negatively charged.
Exothermic Reactions
Chemical reaction that releases energy
Endothermic Reactions
Chemical reaction that requires energy
Chemical Equation
A+B–> C+D
Reactants –> products, newly arranged atoms, must always be balanced. (same # of atoms on both sides)
