Competency 36: Reproduction and Heredity

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

Austrian who studied reproduction in pea plants. Discovered Alleles

Question 2

Alleles

Answer 2

Alternative forms of genes. One inherited from mom, one from dad.

Question 3

Dominant Alleles

Answer 3

Certain alleles that overwhelm others, hiding their effects. Usually indicated with capital letter.

Question 4

Recessive Alleles

Answer 4

Those alleles that are overwhelmed. Indicated with lower case letter.

Question 5

Homozygous

Answer 5

If an organism has two of the same allele.

Question 6

Heterozygous

Answer 6

If an organism has two different alleles.

Question 7

Punnet Square

Answer 7

table to calculate probability of having offspring with a certain trait.

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

What alleles there are

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

Observable characteristics (tongue-rolling capacity)

Question 10

Polygenic traits

Answer 10

Some traits are determined by combined effect of more than one pair of genes. Ex) Human height.

Question 11

Intermediate Expression

Answer 11

Due to incomplete dominance & causes something that has been dubbed blending.

Question 12

Codominance

Answer 12

Both are expressed in heterozygous individuals. Ex) AB blood type.