Competencies: Leadership and Navigation

Question 1

Motivation theory that states that individuals are motivated by a desire to satisfy certain needs and that understanding these needs allows leaders to offer the right incentives and create the most motivational external environments; includes self determination and theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and McClelland.

Answer 1

Needs Theory

Question 2

Theory that states that motivation is based on an employee’s sense of fairness; the individual compares their perceived value with that of others in similar roles and makes a calculation based on their inputs and outputs.

Answer 2

Equity Theory

Question 3

Theory that states that motivation can be increased by providing employees with goals against which they can assess their achievement.

Answer 3

Goal-setting theory

Question 4

Motivation theory that states that the way a person interprets the causes for past success or failure is related to the present level of motivation; includes theories of Heider and Weiner.

Answer 4

Attribution theory

Question 5

Motivation theory that states that effort increases in relation to one’s confidence that the behavior will result in a positive outcome and reward; includes Vroom’s theory.

Answer 5

Expectancy theory

Question 6

Motivation theories dealing with the amount of control in the workplace; motivation is seen as either absolutely irrelevant or absolutely critical.

Answer 6

Theory X/Theory Y

Question 7

Power that is created when the leader can punish those who do not follow.

Answer 7

Coercive power

Question 8

Power that is created by the force of the leader’s personality.

Answer 8

Referent power

Question 9

Power that is created when a leader is recognized as possessing great intelligence, insight, or experience.

Answer 9

Expert power

Question 10

Power that is created when the leader can offer followers something they value in exchange for their committment.

Answer 10

Reward power

Question 11

Leadership theory in which the leaders’ goal is to serve the needs of their employees; emphasizes the sharing of power.

Answer 11

Servant leadership

Question 12

Power that is created formally, through a title or position in the hierarchy that is associated with the rights of leadership.

Answer 12

Legitimate power

Question 13

Leadership theory that emphasizes a leader’s ability to inspire employees to embrace change; leaders encourage and motivate employees to innovate and seek out changes that can add value and growth to the organization.

Answer 13

Transformational leadership

Question 14

Leadership theory that focuses on a two-way relationship between leaders and chosen employees; the leader mentors selected team members and give them access to more information and resources in order to strengthen levels of trust and support.

Answer 14

Leader-member exchange theory

Question 15

Leadership theory that emphasizes a leader’s preference for order and structure; focuses on control and short-term planning.

Answer 15

Transactional leadership

Question 16

Leadership theory that states that leaders are not appointed but emerge from the group, which chooses the leader based on interactions.

Answer 16

Emergent theory

Question 17

Category of leadership theories that states that leaders can flex their behaviors to meet the needs of unique situations, employing both task or directive behaviors and relationship or supportive behaviors; includes Hersey-Blanchard situation leadership, Fielders contingency theory, and path-goal theory.

Answer 17

Situational theories

Question 18

Leadership approach in which the leader invites followers to collaborate and commits to acting by consensus.

Answer 18

Democratic leadership approach

Question 19

Leadership approach in which the leader proposes a bold vision or solution and invites the team to join this challenge.

Answer 19

Authoritative leadership approach

Question 20

Leadership approach in which the leader creates strong relationships with an inside the team; team members are motivated by loyalty.

Answer 20

Affiliative leadership approach

Question 21

Leadership approach in which the leader imposes a vision or solution on the team and demands that the team follow this directive.

Answer 21

Coercive leadership approach

Question 22

Category of leadership theories that states that leaders influence group members through certain behaviors; includes Blake-Mouton theory.

Answer 22

Behavioral theories

Question 23

Leadership theory that states that leaders possess certain innate characteristics that followers do not possess (and probably cannot acquire), such as physical characteristics and personality traits.

Answer 23

Trait theory

Question 24

Leadership approach in which the leader focuses on developing team members’ skills, believing that success comes from aligning the organization’s goals with employees’ personal and professional goals.

Answer 24

Coaching leadership approach

Question 25

Leadership approach in which the leader sets a model for high performance standards and challenges followers to meet those expectations.

Answer 25

Pacesetting leadership approach

Question 26

Factors that initiate, direct, and sustain human behavior over time.

Answer 26

Motivation