Compartments of the Lower Leg Flashcards
Muscle attachment from the lateral condyle of femur articulating to the posterior proximal surface of tibia, just above the soleal line
-A: Knee Flexion (weak) / Unlocking screw-home mech.)
Popliteus
In what movement does the popliteus rotate the tibia to ‘unlock’ the knee and allow flexion
Medial rotation
When the popliteus is extended, the tibia rotates laterally, locking the knee into a stable position is known as?
Screw-home Mechanism
Primary extensor muscle located at the anterior, lateral tibia and interosseous membrane to the 1st (medial) cuneiform and base of 1st MT
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor of 1st MT, located at the anterior middle fibula and interosseous membrane to the base of the distal phalanx of 1st toe (dorsal surface)
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Muscle located at the proximal 3/4 of anterior fibula and interosseous membrane articulating with middle, distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (dorsal surface)
-Extension of 2nd-5th toes (MTPs/PIPs/DIPs)
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Muscle attachment from the anterior distal fibula articulating with the 5th MT (dorsal surface)
Peromeus Tertius
Fibrous plates that prevent the tendons from bowing as muscle contracts
Retinacula
Palpation for the anterior extensor compartments start from?
TA/EHL/EDL
Medial to Lateral
Retinacula runs from the lower end of fibula to the lower end of tibia
Superior Extensor Retinaculum
Retinacula runs from calcaneus to tibial malleolus and medial plantar aponeurosis
- “Y-Shaped”
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
What surrounds the tendon to prevent friction between the tendons and retinacula
Tendon sheath
What makes up the tendon sheath?
Connective Tissue (Outer) Synovial Layer (inner)
Muscle attachment at the lateral proximal 2/3 of fibula to the base of 1st MT and 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)
- Supports Transverse Arch of foot
- Forms a stirrup w/ the Tibialis Anterior
Peroneus Longus
Muscle attachment at the lateral distal 2/3rd of fibula to the tuberosity of the 5th MT
Peroneus Brevis
AKA for Peroneus
Fibularis
What bone does the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis pass behind?
Lateral Malleolus
What happens if the peroneal retinacula and associated tendon sheaths are damaged?
“Clicking” sound will occur
Muscle of 2 heads crossing the medial and lateral femoral condyles articulating with the calcaneus
Gastrocnemius
Superficial muscle located at the proximal posterior fibula, soleal line, and middle medial border of tibia articulating the calcaneus
Soleus
The Gastrocnemius and Soleus altogether are known as?
Triceps Surae
What distal tendon does the Gastrocnemius and Soleus share which, attaches the calcaneus?
Achilles Tendon
AKA. for Achilles Tendon
Calcaneal Tendon
Muscle found at the distal lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur to the calcaneus
- Consist of a long ligament extending down to calcaneus
Plantaris
The fascia on the plantar surface of the foot, continuing to the calf
Plantar Aponeurosis
Muscle located at the posterior tibia, interosseous membrane, and fibula crossing over to the navicular tuberosity and surrounding bones
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor origin at the lower 2/3rd of posterior fibula and interosseous membrane crossing to the plantar surface of 1st phalanx
-Flexion of 1st MTP and IP
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor at the posterior middle tibia inserting into the plantar surface of 1st distal phalanx
-A: PIP/DIP/MTP flexion of 2nd-5th toes
Flexor Digitorum Longus
The Deep Posterior Compartment muscle pass behind what bone?
Medial Malleolus
A tunnel formation from the flexor retinaculum
Tarsal Tunnel
Direction of palpation for the Deep Posterior Compartment muscles
Anterior to Posterior
A Tarsal Tunnel syndrome is caused by?
Resulting from arthritis and chronic tendonosis
Prolonged eversion and a pinched nerve
What are the action(s) of the Anterior Compartments of the lower leg?
Dorsiflexion
Inversion (TA/EHL)
Eversion (EDL/PT)
What are the action(s) of the Lateral Compartments of the lower leg?
Eversion/(weak)Plantar Flexion
What are the action(s) of the Superficial Posterior Compartments of the lower leg?
Plantar Flexion Knee Flexion (P)
What are the action(s) of the Deep Posterior Compartments of the lower leg?
Inversion/Plantar Flexion
