unit 2: compare criminal and deviance behaviour Flashcards
how many definitions of deviance are there?
3.
what are the definitions?
behaviour that is unusual and good, behaviour that is unusual and eccentric, behaviour that is unusual and disapproved of.
examples of each?
heriocally risking your own life to save someone else’s, hoarding huge quantities of newspapers, physically attacking someone for no reason.
what is the legal definition of crime?
any action forbidden by criminal law - involves the actus rea and mens rea.
what is the social definition of crime?
includes the consideration of differing views of what makes behavioural criminal, whether a law is enforced or people thinking act should have laws made against them or not.
what are the 4 formal sanctions against criminal?
custodial sentences, community sentences, police sanctions, other implications of criminal behaviour.
what is a custodial sentence?
court imposed imprisonment or detention in a young offenders institution.
what is a community sentence?
court imposed works, fines, courses, probation orders, restrictions, drug treatments and/or testing. served outside of jail.
what is a police sanction?
cautions, conditional cautions and penalty notices (fines) issued for minor offences - no court appearance.
other implications or criminal convictions?
a criminal record and depending on the crime: exclusion of certain jobs, possible placement on ViSOR, travel restrictions, restrictions of adoption, jury service, standing for elected office or insurance cover.
acts that are criminal: what is a summary offence?
less serious, e.g speeding. tried by magistrates.
acts that are criminal: what is a indictable offence?
more serious, e.g murder/rape. tried in crown court with a jury.
acts that are criminal: violence against the person.
murder, manslaughter, assault.
acts that are criminal: sexual offences.
rape, sex, trafficking, grooming.
acts that are criminal: offences against property.
burglary, theft, robbery.
acts that are criminal: fraud and forgery.
frauds against company directors, benefit cheating, tax evasion.
acts that are criminal: criminal damage.
arson, vandalism, grafitti.
acts that are criminal: drug offences.
supplying, trafficking or possession of illegal substances.
acts that are criminal: public order offences.
rioting and violent disorder.
what is moral code?
a set of basic rules, values and principles held by an individual, group, organisation or society as a whole.
what is formal sanction?
punishments for breaking formal written rules or laws. imposed by official bodies e.g courts.
what is an informal sanction?
disapproval shown to a person for breaking unwritten rules, such as telling off or ignoring them.
what is a positive sanction?
rewards for behaviour society approves e.g praise or medal.
what is social control?
ways that society seek to control our behaviour and ensure we conform to its norms.
what is actus rea?
latin for ‘guilty act’.
what is mens rea?
latin for ‘guilty mind’.
what is a fine?
financial penalties dependant on seriousness of offence and ability to pay.
what is conditional discharge?
an offender may avid prison if they commit no offences in a given time period.
what is an absolute discharge?
defendant is guilty but court decides punishment is not appropriate.
what is ViSOR?
violent and sex offenders register.
