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A Year 1 Politics > Comparative Politics > Flashcards

Comparative Politics Flashcards

1
Q

Example of a failed state

A

Libya - civil war due to leadership of Colonel Gaddafi, who was ousted in 2011

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2
Q

GDP Per Capita of Haiti and Dominican Republic in 2016

A

Haiti: $740
Dominican Republic: $6720
(geographically adjacent - importance of statehood)

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3
Q

When has a nation’s sovereignty been infringed?

A

US-led coalition invading Iraq in 2003 to overthrow government of Saddam Hussein

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4
Q

State capacity

A

The ability of the state to achieve its objectives

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5
Q

Primordialism (nationalism)

A

People are passionately loyal to the area in which they reside
Nations are seen as primordial units

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6
Q

Modernism (nationalism)

A

Nationalism did not exist until the 18th century

Idea of social equality and the importance of state sovereignty

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7
Q

Primordial bonds

A

Groups conflict with each other when they feel the integrity of their identity is under threat

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8
Q

Outdated amendments to US Constitution

A

2nd (right to bear arms) and 3rd (housing of soldiers without permission)

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9
Q

Sources of UK constitution

A

Legislation, convention, judicial precedent, authoritative works

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10
Q

Authoritative works UK Constitution

A

Bagehot’s The English Constitution (1867)

AV Dicey’s An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (1885)

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11
Q

Parliamentarism

A

Prime Ministers are drawn from the legislature and are directly accountable to it
No fixed terms and can face no-confidence votes

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12
Q

Presidentialism

A

Presidents are directly elected to fixed terms

They are not necessarily directly accountable to the legislature

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13
Q

USA Checks by legislature on executive

A

Impeachment, control the budget, override veto with 2/3 majority, reject cabinet appointments, reject treaties negotiated by president

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14
Q

USA Checks by executive on legislature

A

Presidential veto, recess appointments, pocket veto, commander in chief

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15
Q

Example of Presidential veto

A

Obama vetoed Presidential Allowance Modernization Act (2016)

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16
Q

Example of Congress overriding veto

A

Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (2016)

17
Q

UK Checks by legislature on executive

A

Vote down bills, no-confidence vote, bill amendments, select committee scrutiny

18
Q

UK Checks by executive on legislature

A

Negotiate international treaties, appoints cabinet, appoints peers, use of party whips

19
Q

Dual legitimacy

A

Disagreement of jurisdiction between federal and state governments

20
Q

Political regime

A

The system of relations between a society and the state

21
Q

Procedural vs substantive definitions of democracy

A

Procedural: minimalistic, focus on how the system works
Substantive: Focus on results of political system

22
Q

Modernisation theory (democratisation)

A

As a country’s economy grows it becomes more democratic

23
Q

Authoritarian coups in MENA

A

1953 Iran Coup

1956 Suez Crisis

24
Q

Regime types in MENA according to Economist Intelligence Unit (2017)

A

Flawed democracies: 2 (Israel and Tunisia)
Hybrid Regimes: 4
Authoritarian regimes: 14

25
Q

Types of authoritarian regime

A

No-party regimes (warlords), single-party, dominant party, totalitarian, theocracies, personalistic dictatorships

26
Q

Deliberative Authoritarianism

A

Power is concentrated in the hands of an elite, but they rely on the opinions of the people to govern

27
Q

Consultative Authoritarianism

A

Groups have high levels of autonomy, they are simply incentivised to act in a certain way by government directives

28
Q

Political Meritocracy

A

Government officials and political figures are trained and selected through examinations in order to produce the most competent leaders

29
Q

How many were killed during Tiananmen Square protests 1989

A

300,000 soldiers killed up to 10,000 civilians

30
Q

Three elements of an electoral system

A

Electoral formula, ballot structure, district magnitude

31
Q

District magnitude

A

How many representatives are elected per constituency

32
Q

Majoritarian systems

A

Candidate/ party with the most votes wins

AV and FPTP

33
Q

Proportional systems

A

Seat share is translated to accurately reflect the share of the vote of each party
Proportional list and STV

34
Q

Mixed systems

A

Combine majoritarian and proportional elements. People tend to cast two votes
AMS

35
Q

What percentage of votes were wasted in the 2002 Turkish election

A

46% due to the 10% Parliamentary threshold

36
Q

Ranked vs unranked ethnic systems

A 
Ranked: ethnicity and class closely correlate
Unranked: no correlation between ethnicity and class
37
Q

Example of ranked ethnic system

A

South Africa apartheid

38
Q

Ethnic outbidding

A

Advocating certain benefits for your ethnic group that are increasingly incompatible with the interests of other groups

39
Q

Consociationalism

A

Power sharing between different, traditionally conflicting groups

A Year 1 Politics (7 decks)

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