Comparative Locomotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the advantage of comparing animal species?

A

Can look at limitations to locomotion and strategies to overcome these

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2
Q

What is the cost of transport?

A

The amount of energy used to move a given distance

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3
Q

Does speed affect the cost of transport?

A

No

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4
Q

Which is the cheapest form of locomotion?

A

Swimming

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5
Q

What happens to cost as body size increases?

A

Cost decreases -> animal is more efficient the larger it is.

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6
Q

How can metabolic rate be measured?

A

Measured by amount of oxygen per unit of time (VO2)

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7
Q

How can cost of transport be lowered?

A

1) Be big = longer strides, fewer steps (less internal work)
2) Move slowly = fewer steps (less internal work), lower metabolic cost

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8
Q

What is loading and unloading called?
AKA the retardation or lagging of an effect behind the cause of the effect

A

Hysteresis

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9
Q

How do tissues respond to heat?

A

Denaturing of tissue in tendon centre. Dense fibre packing means centre heats up but heat doesn’t disspipate - creates core lesions.

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10
Q

Why aren’t the biggest animals the fastest?

A

1) Bone density
2) Larger energy requirement
3) Heavier distal limbs
4) Posture -> straight spine
5) Digestive system
6) SA:V ratio
7) Reduced fight or flight
8) Learned behaviors -> evolved to be more lethargic and less fit.

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11
Q

What is a moment?

A

Moment = force x moment arm (distance from pivot)

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12
Q

In navicular disease in horses, bone is remodeled.
1) Why does bone remodel?
2) What happens to the point of GRF application in horses with navicular pain?

A

1) Force and frequency on bone increases or decreases remodelling rate.
2) Compressive forces going through the navicular bone -> pain causes GRF to shift to go through the toe.

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