Comp (Endocrine and GI) Flashcards
Bromocriptine can treat —- adenoma
pituary
The classic presenting signs of primary ———– are hypertension and hypokalemia.
aldosteronism
in aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma, ——- will every low
renin
In Cushing’s disease, secretion of ACTH by a pituitary adenoma causes ————– of the adrenal glands, leading to excess cortisol production.
cortical hyperplasia
Which of the following laboratory tests is typically used in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
fasting plasma glucose
”——– is a 54-kd glycoprotein synthesized in the liver that has one binding site for T4. The affinity of —- for T4 is very high, while that for T3 is lower”
”——- receptors mediate most, if not all, of the physiologic actions of thyroid hormone”
TBG
nuclear
A 35-year-old man has an adenoma of the parathyroid gland, with increased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium. In this patient, PTH induces which of the following processes to cause hypercalcemia?
Stimulation of osteoclast activity
—–cells make epi and NE
chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla
obesity in an older woman is risk factor for endometrial cancer bc
Increased production of estrogen by adiposetissue
Before a pt starts isotretinoin (accutane) you should order a _______
hcg urine test
The most reliable method for identifying catecholamine-secreting tumors (such as pheochromacytoma) is measuring fractionated —————- in a 24-hour urine collection.
metanephrines and catecholamines
————– are the most common form of congenital cyst in the neck. They are epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract and present as a midline neck mass at the level of the thyrohyoid membrane. They move up with swallowing or protrusion of the tongue.
Thyroglossal duct cysts
———- carcinoma is a thyroid cancer composed of parafollicular cells (C cells) that produce calcitonin.
Medullary
thyroid nodule, histologic sections show sheets of granular cells embedded in a hyaline stroma. Immunohistochemical stains show the presence of cytoplasmic calcitonin. What cancer?
medullary thyroid carcinoma
The ——– test measures the absorptive capacity of the proximal small intestine and is used to determine whether defects in the intestinal epithelium are responsible for malabsorption. Absorption is usually normal in pancreatic insufficiency since pancreatic enzymes are not required for xylose absorption
D-xylose
Following radioactive iodine exposure, giving ———— blocks uptake of radioiodine by the thyroid, reducing the risk of thyroid cancer.
potassium iodide
increased activity of ———enzyme after giving patient with diabetes insulin
glucokinase
“Polyneuropathy is typically characterized by symmetric distal sensory loss, ——- sensations, or weakness.”
burning
A 23-year-old man has a 3-month history of mildly depressed mood, decreased energy, and dry skin. His thyroid gland is not palpably enlarged. Serum (T4) and TSH concentrations are decreased. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Secondary hypothyroidism
Reason for increased calcium level after overdose of vitamin D:
Increased absorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract
A 51-year-old woman receives the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Preoperative treatment with propranolol is prescribed to decrease excessive tachycardia. Which of the following drugs should be administered before starting propranolol therapy in this patient?
Phenoxybenzamine
A newborn female is diagnosed with hypothyroidism 2 days after birth. Ultrasonography of the neck shows the absence of any thyroid gland tissue. Physical examination shows no abnormalities, including normal root, suck, grasp, and Moro reflexes. Maternal to fetal transfer of which of the following best explains the normal development in this newborn?
T4
A 59-year-old man undergoes a total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection for a 4-cm follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Twelve hours after the procedure, he has paresthesias of his hands and feet. Vital signs are stable, but carpal spasm is noted on inflation of the blood pressure cuff. Which of the following sets of laboratory findings in serum is most likely in this patient (pth and calcium)?
Parathyroid hormone: decreased, calcium: decreased
Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism can occur after thyroid, parathyroid, or radical neck surgery for head and neck cancer, and it may be transient.
The acute manifestations of hypoparathyroidism are due to acute hypocalcemia.
The hallmark of acute hypocalcemia is tetany, which is a disorder of neuromuscular irritability. The symptoms of tetany may be mild (perioral numbness, paresthesias of the hands and feet, muscle cramps) or severe (carpopedal spasm, laryngospasm, and focal or generalized seizures, which must be distinguished from the generalized tonic muscle contractions that occur in severe tetany). The classic physical findings in patients with neuromuscular irritability due to latent tetany are Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs.
Parotid gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) is typically bilateral and painless, and occurs in approximately 10 to 25 percent of patients with ————
bulimia nervosa