Comp (blood/lymph and cardio) Flashcards
pt taking primaquine for malaria prophylaxis, African American boy has dark urine and yellowing of his eye. Anemic, shows heinz body. Due to
G6PD defeciency
Blood type that can cause hemolytic disease of newborn
Mother: O and Father: AB
Transfusion, fatigue and jaundice. What test to do?
The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is used to determine whether red blood cells (RBCs) have been coated in vivo with immunoglobulin, complement, or both. The direct antiglobulin test is sometimes colloquially referred to as the Coombs test.
A 6-month-old boy is brought to the physician because of left knee swelling for 24 hours. Three months ago, he had three large hematomas on his forehead that resolved without treatment. His two sisters and his mother have no history of similar symptoms. His mother’s maternal uncle and her brother died before the age of 30 years of massive cerebral hemorrhages. Physical examination shows deep ecchymosis over the buttocks and severe swelling of the left knee. The most likely explanation for these findings is a deficiency of which of the following?
factor 8
girl with down syndrome, nosebleeds, decreased apepitite and fatigue. Low bp, anemicc, high leukocytes, atypical ly,mphyoctes, low plaeltes. Mechnisn of lab findings:
infiltration of bone marrow by leukemic blast
test when fetus has fetal hydropis
Maternal Rh status with antibody screening
For children with HS who remain transfusion-dependent or severely symptomatic from anemia after one year of age, its suggested to do:
spleenectomy
Major causes of __________include blood loss and reduced absorption (eg, due to celiac disease, Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori], gastritis, or bariatric surgery
iron def anemia
———– most commonly due to mutations in the HFE gene, is an autosomal recessive disorder in which there is increased intestinal iron absorption. The major clinical manifestations of iron accumulation in advanced HH include liver disease, weakness and lethargy, skin pigmentation, diabetes mellitus, arthropathy, impotence in males, and cardiac enlargement with or without heart failure or conduction defects.
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)
2 brothers that bruise easisly and have recurrent hemarthrosis. their uncle died of mild head trauma. Have long PTTT. def in
factor 8 (hemophilia a)
clotting factor decreased by 50% right after starting waraferin
VII (proconvertin
blistering of skin when exposed to sun . defective:
heme synthesis Porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria
A 53-year-old man, who recently returned from Africa, has fever, headache, and abdominal discomfort. He received appropriate vaccinations prior to the trip. His temperature is 39.4°C (103°F). Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. A Wright-stained peripheral blood smear is shown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
maleria
In ITP, autoantibodies are directed against
Glycoprotein 2b/3a complex
child with nosebleeds and wasy brusing. Recent URI. normal hemoglbin and leukocytes. Decreased platelets. What is it?
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) of childhood is characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100,000/microL, with normal white blood cell count and hemoglobin). The cause of ITP remains unknown in most cases, but it can be triggered by a preceding viral infection.
A typical history in a patient with mild to moderate __________ disease includes epistaxis lasting longer than 10 minutes in childhood, lifelong easy bruising, and bleeding with or following dental extractions, other invasive dental procedures, or other forms of surgery. In women, most have excessive bleeding during menstrual periods
Von willebrand its autosomal dominant
plasmid loss responsible for decreased _____resistance
vancomycin
———- may be distinguished from malaria by the presence of merozoites arranged in tetrads (known as a “Maltese Cross”; this finding is uncommon but pathognomonic for babesiosis)
Babesiosis
Pt with babesiosis infection (fever, chills, joint pain) will show what in blood smear
small intraerythrocytic rings;
target erythrocytese from splenectomy due to loss of function of:
red pulp
burnt almond smell in:
cyanide poisoning
metal worker collapses after an exposure to chemical. Smells like burnt almonds. What is treatment?
amyl nitrate cyanide poisoning
chemo and radiation for hodgkin and pt later develops AML bc:
Therapy for Hodgkin disease causes mutations in hematopoietic stem cells, and one mutant cell progresses to leukemia
Which of the following best explains why deoxygenated blood can carry more carbon dioxide for a given Pco2 than oxygenated blood?
Deoxyhemoglobin is a better buffer of hydrogen ions than oxyhemoglobin