COMP ARCH PRELIM Flashcards
a technique to represent and work with numbers
NUMBER SYSTEM
the most common number system
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
the value of digits will depend on its position
POSITIONAL VALUE SYSTEM
in binary number system, what is the Least significant bit (LSB)
the rightmost digit
in binary number system, what is the Most significant bit (MSB)
the leftmost digit
What does the binary number system represent?
on and off
what is each binary digit called?
bit
_________ is measured in terms of how many bits it can store
Computer memory
how many bits in 1 byte
8 bits
it has 8 digits from 0-7
OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM
What digits are used in the hexadecimal number system?
0-9 & A-F
7 bit code that has 128 (27) possible codes
ASCII
ASCII stands for
American Standard code for Information Interchange
Most widely used alphanumeric code
ASCII
This is developed to support Indian languages on computer
ISCII
ISCII stands for:
Indian Script Code for Information Interchange
This is mostly used by government departments
ISCII
International coding system designed to be used with different language scripts
Unicode
Encompasses all physical aspects of computer systems.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
Logical aspects of system implementation as seen by the programmer.
E.g., instruction sets, instruction formats, data types, addressing
modes.
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
3 computer components
- processor
- Memory
- Mechanism
its function is to interpret and execute programs
processor
its function is to store both data and programs
memory
this is for transferring data to and from the outside world
Mechanism
devices that input data into the computer such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and digital camera, microphone, QR code reader, RFID reader
Input devices
the memory unit consists of:
- RAM
- ROM
- CACHE MEMORY
- SECONDARY STORAGE
where programs are stored during execution
-Main memory/primary storage
RAM (Random Access Memory)
contains special instructions for the computer to operate
ROM (Read Only Memory)
increases the speed of the processor by recording and anticipating instructions
Cache memory
storage provided by peripheral devices, used when large amounts of data have to be stored on a more permanent basis
Secondary storage
processing unit consists of
- central processing unit
- Arithmetic-logic unit
- control unit
the brain of a computer, containing of all the circuitry needed to process
- Composed of ALU and control unit (CU)
CPU
where all arithmetic and logic operations and manipulation of numbers take place
ALU
controls and coordinates the order of execution of program instructions
Control Unit
The nerve center of a computer
Control Unit
Used to communicate data from computers to the users.
Output Unit
Processor speeds are measured in ____ or ____
MHz or GHz
It is a unit of storage
Byte
_____ is measured in MB
RAM (main memory)
it is measured in GB for small systems, TB for large systems
Disk storage
______on computer chips are measured in microns
Circuits
the “brain of the system”, it executes program instructions
Microprocessor
it determines the amount of data and size of programs you can store
Hard disk capacity
it allow movement of data between a system and its external devices
Ports
send data as a series of pulses along 1 or 2 data lines
Serial ports
send data as single ports along at least 8 data lines
Parallel ports
an intelligent serial interface that is self configuring (supports “plug and play”)
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
What are the standard organizations related to computer components?
- Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
- International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
- American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
- British Standards Institution (BSI)
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Established standards for computer components, data representation, and signaling protocols, among many other things
The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
Concerns itself with the interoperability of telecommunications systems, including data communications and telephony
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
influential in formulating standards for computer hardware and software, including their methods of manufacture
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
