Comp 29: History Flashcards
Where was the Incan Empire?
Ecuador to Northern Chile
Where was the Aztec Empire?
Northern Mexico
Where was the Mayan Empire?
Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras and the Yucatan.
What are the positive achievements of the natives of the Western Hemisphere?
Advanced agriculture methods. Tribute systems. Advanced communication systems. Skilled artisans. Highly specialized & stratified societies Imperial administration Schools
Describe the 10 million Native Americans living in America when Europeans arrived:
Hunters, gatherers, farmers.
Made tools advanced skills in farming, buffalo hunting and building homes.
One of Native American greatest contributions to modern society?
Cooperative governing systems.
When did earliest Texans arrive?
11,000 years ago
Who were the earliest Gulf Coastal Plains tribes and what did they do?
Caddo, Coahuiltecans, Karankawas and they were hunters, fishers and farmers.
Who were the Plains Nations and what did they do?
Ton laws, Lipan, Apache, Comanche and Kiowa. They were mostly nomadic, skilled buffalo hunters.
Who were the most sedentary tribes that occupied the Mountains and Basins region?
Pueblo, Jumano, Concho, Tigua
Who built the first buildings in Texas and what did they look like?
The Caddo. They were beehive shaped huts with wooden frames covered with grass reeds
What tribe was known for advanced farming?
The Caddo
Who created dugout canoes to facilitate their nomadic lifestyle?
The Karankawas
Who were the nomadic hunters and trappers that enslaved Cabeza de Vaca and other Spanish explorers?
Coahuiltecans
What tribes were buffalo hunters who tamed wild mustangs becoming skilled horsemen?
Lipan Apache and Comanche
Who built elaborate homes and cities using Adobe bricks?
Pueblo
Where did the French claim lands?
Canada, around the Great Lakes, all along the Mississippi
Where was Spain’s territory?
What is now Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Mexico, Central and South America
Where was England established territory?
In the Carrinean, 13 colonies along east coast of America
What were the 5 main reasons for European Exploration?
Locate a passage to the Far East for trade
Map uncharted areas
Find treasure (gold, silver, gems, artifacts)
Claim new lands and set up colonies
Convert people to Christianity.
When were Columbus’ expeditions?
1492, 1493, 1498
What did Columbus accomplish!
Led expeditions to South America for Spain
Landed in South America
Opened cultural exchange between the east and west (Columbian Exchange)
When was De Pineda’s expedition and its significance?
1519
Led first expedition into Texas.
Explored Gulf Coasts for Spain (Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas and Mexico)
When were De Vaca’s expeditins?
1527-1535
What happen to De Vaca’s on part of the Spanish mission to claim land along the Gulf?
He became stranded in Florida when his ships did not return from a supply run from Cuba
What did De Vaca do after he was stranded?
He built rafts and skirted the coast, eventually wrecking near East Island, Louisiana; where he continued on foot with a slave named Estebam eventually coming to Texas
Name three major Native American groups of the a Western Hemisphere:
Incas, Mayas, Aztecs
Who did De Vaca encounter near Houston and what happened as a result?
The Caddo Indians. He was impressed with their sophistication and tales of wealth inland. He mapped and wrote about the area which was our first written record of America.
What was De Vaca’s tale of Cibola?
A fabled city of gold wich greatly influenced subsequent explorers Coronado and De Doto.
When were Coronado’s expeditions?
1540-1542
What are the characteristics of Coronado’s expeditions.
Sent by Soain to find DeVaca's gaveled city of gold. Traveled much of the pan handle. First Europeans to see Palo Duro Canyon Went home Empty handed.
When see La Salle’s explorations?
1682-1685
Describe La Salle’s expedition in 1682?
Lead From a French colony in Canada down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico claiming land on both sides for France.
What did La Salle do in 1684?
Led another expedition from France to start a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi, sailed past the river and mistakenly landed in Texas.
What French colony did La Salle build in Texas?
Ft. St. Louis, near Galveston
When was the first permanent English cony established and where was it?
1607, Jamestown Virginia.
What happened in less than 6 months of Jamestown’s founding?
More than half of the settlers
Died from disease, starvation and attacks
From natives.
Who were the Pilgrims and what did they do?
They were religious dissidents who set up a strict parochial colony of Purotans on Madsachusetts called the
Plymouth colony.
What did Roger Williams do?
Set up a colony in Rhode Island advocating religious freedom for all including natives.
What did William Penn do?
Established a colony for Quakers in Pennsylvania.
Who was William Bradford?
Second governor of Plymouth colony. In 1621 ordered first Thanksgiving sharing harvest with the Wampanoag Indians.
Who was banished from Plymouth and set up his own colony in Rhode Island?
Roger Williams
What did John Smith accomplish for Jamestown?
Established trade relations with the Powhatan Indians and bargained for food for starving settlers
Who was Pocahontas and what was she famous for?
Daughter of the chief of the Powhatan. Convinced her father to spare John Smith and help the settlers.
Who is John Rolfe and what is he famous for?
Member of Jamestown
Began tobacco industry in America
Married Pocahontas and brought her to England ensuring peace with the Powhatan.
Who was Squanto?
A Patuxet Indian who taught the Plymouth Pilgrims how to hunt, fish and grow crops.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
An agreement written on the Mayflower establishing the governing laws of the new colonies.
What did Spain do when they were worried about the French colony in Texas?
They brought Franciscan monks to build missions. By 1740 there were more than 20
What are presidios?
Spanish forts built to protect missions and Spain’s territorial claims.
List reasons Spain built missions
Primarily to solidify territorial claims
Open and protect trade routes
Spread the Christian faith to the native Americans
Provide a safe center for working and learning.
When was the French and Indian war?
1754-1763
What is the importance of the French and Indian war
A conflict between the British and French, it instigated issues between the colonist and England. Most tribes sided with the
French fearing the
British would take their ancestral lands. Britain won
Causes of the French and Indian war.
War between Britain and France caused conflict between their colonies
British colonies wanted land owned by French colonists for fur trade
Name 4 results of the French and Indian war
France lost majority of its territory
England’s expanded to include all French lands east of Mississippi except New Orleans which went to Spain
Spains holdings included all French lands west of Mississippi
England tightened hold on colonies, restricting freedom and levying large taxes to help offset cost of the war
When was the American Revilution
1776-1783
What were some laws that angered colonists.
England passed laws preventing colonists from being elected to Parliament
Parliament passed many laws levying taxes
Describe end of Revolutionary war
Cornwallis surrendered to Washington at Battle of Yorktown in 1781. Officially ended with treaty of Paris in 1783
What was the proclamation of 1763
A bill that said colonists couldn’t settle west of the Appalachian mountains
When and what was the Stamp act?
1765 levied taxes in almost everything printed on paper. United the colonists resulting in bloody demonstrations and riots
When and what were the Townsend acts
1767 taxed glass, lead, paper, paint and tea. Colonists refused to buy. Tax repealed on everything but yea
What happened in 1768
4000 British moved into Boston. Colonists had to provide room and board
When and and what was the Boston Massacre
March 5. 1770 towns people thre snowballs at soldiers who fired into unarmed crowd
When and what caused the Boston Tea Party
Tea Act of 1773. Said colonial a could no buy non-English tea which England’s way of showing they could tax colonies. 3 ships stuck in harbor with tea they couldn’t unload. Colonists dressed as mowhawk dumped 342 chests into the harbor on Dec 16
What preceded the First and Second Continental Congresses
Intolerable Acts
These meetings were where leaders discussed Revolution and agreed to form Continental Army under Washington
Highlights of the Declaration of Independence
Gov must recognize civil rights
Protect citizens rights
Spelled out insults, abuse and taxation issues
Stated colonies intent to form New gov
Highlights of Articles of Confederation
First constitution
Gov with no monarch
Weak central gov strong state gov
States decide themselves missiles affecting all decided by majority vote
Highlights of Constitution
Highest law in US
Provides for citizens to elect rep officials
Provides for sharing power between states and national
Designated branches
Checks and balances
