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Politics Essay Examples !!! > Comp 2: Parliament > Flashcards

Comp 2: Parliament Flashcards

1
Q

Frontbenchers and backbenchers

A

Frontbenchers= govt, executive, PM
Backbenchers not in the govt. e.g. May

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2
Q

Whips

A

Encourage MPs to follow party line.
3 line whips requires MPs to attend a vote.
September 2019 Tory MPs, high profile former ministers like Kenneth Clarke, Philip Hammond and Rory Stewart, had party whip withdrawn (lost party membership) for supporting HOC taking control of EU negotiations.

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3
Q

Speaker

A
  • impartial
  • can remove MPs
  • 2022, SNP at Westminster, Ian Blackford, suspended for claiming that PM, BJ, had been ‘wilfully misleading Parliament’ over lockdown parties held at Downing Street.
  • 2009-2019 = john bercow - 2019 he stopped may reintroducing unamended Brexit deal into HOC.
    -2019 - now = sir Lindsay Hoyle - criticised treasury when it briefed journalists about upcoming budget before informing HOC.
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4
Q

HOL

A
  • hereditary peers
  • Life peers
  • people peers
  • Lord spirituals
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5
Q

PM prerogative power

A
  • command armed forces
  • 2003 parliament allowed to vote on military action in Iraq
  • only a convention not legally binding
  • requires parl permission
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6
Q

HOC powers

A
  • money bills passed after one yea without lords
  • public bill committees consider amendments to bills after 2nd reading
  • departmental select committees scrutinise govt departments
  • liaison committees scrutinise (2002) PM directly 2x per year
  • PMQs scrutiny between party leaders
  • urgent questions - determined by speaker. Only 4 granted in 2007-8 but 307 granted by John bercow in 2017-2019
  • humble address motion - labour used in 2017 to launch universal credit studies.
  • private members bill - proposed by MP not in govt. - 2009 National Autistic Society’s ‘I EXIST’ campaign
  • standing Order 14 - determines who controls parliamentary business in commons. - govt controls time tables for parliament.
  • ## statutory instruments - covid act 2020
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7
Q

Internal market act

A
  • 268 vote margin
  • uk govt could break law if it had agreed with eu over trade rules affecting NI
  • lords made govt drop part of bill with this affect
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8
Q

Police crime sentencing and courts act

A
  • 2022
  • banned locking on when protesting
  • defeated by lords
  • but noisy protest ban passed
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9
Q

Public order act

A
  • 2023
    -PCS+C ACT again but once again objected by lords
  • but lords then agreed to avoid disputes with commons.
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10
Q

Safety of Rwanda asylum and immigration bill

A
  • rejected by lords many times and deadlock reached
  • MPs rejected lords amendments too
  • commons considered using parliament act to force it through
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11
Q

HOL power

A
  • 22 lords defeat between 1979-89
  • 128 lords defeats in 2022 alone
  • 367 lords defeats in 2020-2023

Because:
- parliament acts
- Salisbury convention
- no democratic mandate
- Money bill restrictions
- commons majority

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12
Q

Govt dominant in parliament

A

majority
Hol limits
Standing order 14

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13
Q

Effectiveness of parliament in performing its functions - ability to have control over executive

A
  • 2017 Tory minority govt - 9 short so lacked mandate
  • 2023 sunak - lost vote on setting up body to pay compensation to victims of blood scandals. Defied by 22 tory MPs
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14
Q

Parliament not affective in performing it function

A
  • prerogative power 2018 may ordered airsrtike on Syria.
  • 2022-3 BJ and sunak delayed military resources to Ukraine
  • 2019 BJ prorogued parliament to limit parliament ability to legislate but was unlawful
  • Salisbury convention
  • parliament act only used 4 time since 1949 proving how the process isn’t worth it and lords give up before it can be used as the gridlock isn’t worth it
  • parliament act used for: 2005 hunting act, 2000 sexual offence act.
  • Blair faced few defeats due to large majority
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15
Q

Eu ref and may as pm

A
  • 2016 eu ref- 52-48 leave
  • weak majority
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16
Q

2019 meaningful vote

A
  • govt lost meaningful vote 432 - 202
  • and a second 391-306
  • and a third 344-286
17
Q

Benn bill

A
  • can’t be a no deal Brexit
  • bill passed and 21 Tory MPs voted for motion but were later fired by boris
18
Q

2017 general election

A
  • may 9 short of majority
  • ## 10 DUP MPs confidence and supply agreement
19
Q

Yes parliament reflects people it represents

A
  • access points for pressure groups
  • 650 constituencies
  • majority
  • ges every 4-5 years
  • recall of MPs act
  • MPs spea up for constituencies in hoc
20
Q

No parliament does reflect people it is meant to represent

A
  • unelected HOL
  • influencing lobbyists
  • low turnout
  • unproportiona fptp
21
Q

Demographic representation 1997 vs 2019

A

Gender
1997 - 18% women
2019 - 34% women

Ethnicity
1997 - 9 MPs of BAME
2019 - 65 MPs of BAME

Age
1997 - average age = 49.3
2019 - average age = 49.7

22
Q

Trustee model of representation

A
  • MPs made decisions on behalf or constituencies
23
Q

Delegate model of representation

A

Mp is mouthpiece nut own opinions not expressed

24
Q

Doctrine of mandate

A
  • manifestos carried out due to election win
  • most effective
  • e.g. ges in uk are party focused and electorate don’t acknowledge candidates
25
Q

Brexit

A

Brexit challenged all 3 methods or representations
- trustee model because many MPs voted remain when many constituents wanted leave
- Laura pidcock labour mp for north west Durham 2017 voted against constituencies Brexit wishes 55-45% leave she lost her seat.

26
Q

Types of questions

A

Urgent
Pmq
Urgent debates

27
Q

Weakness of pmqs as form of scrutiny

A
  • Sunak praising former Tory majors after questioning why Tory MPs are deflecting to labour
    Punch and Judy politics
  • build up to May 2015 GE Cameron repeated ‘long term economic’ plan 23 times and MPs said it 27 times - only good for getting good party meagre across and not good scrutiny
28
Q

Humble address motion

A
  • 2017 papers on economic impact of Brexit on economy and govt refused to reveal documents that help potential Brexit economic impact.
29
Q

Urgent questions

A

80 in 2010-12
330 in 2017-19

Michael martin - 4 asked
John B - 307 asked - Brexit ref spiked numbers

2024 - Tory mp David Davies aked about post office horizon scandals

30
Q

Emergency debate

A

Under standing order 14
- not binding
- 3 minutiae debated
- 2023 debate over decision of uk govt to use section 35 power to prevent gender recognition reform act from passing in Scotland.
- Benn Act - forbid no deal Brexit.
2021 debate over Owen Paterson lobbying scandal.
Emergency debate granted - increase by twice as much after Brexit.

31
Q

Back bench business committee

A

Successes-
- chair is opposition leader
- 35 day opportunity
- not binding
- indirect effect on outcome and vote on arms in Syria
- article 50 petition popularity put pressure on govt.

Limitations:
- even large petitions ignored as not binding
- lack of significance of work of bbc - may 2024 only 6 MPs showed up to debate about illegal migration costs.
-

32
Q

Opposition day motions

A

Successes:
- 23 days for proceedings
- debates - 2020 free school meals during pandemic - govt u-turned on issue prioritised.
- smaller parties can create motions to gain votes over other parties. - like snp calling an immediate ceasefire to get votes over labour.

33
Q

Humble address motion

A
  • addresses contents of monarchs speech - ceremonial
  • used after kings speech when opp granted day to scrutinise
  • 2018 HAM in which labour requested disclosure of legal advice on eu withdrawal agreement. Govt faced scrutiny found in contempt of parliament - broken parliamentary rules.
  • ## 2019 docs requested by impact of no deal Brexit in uk. Operation of yellow hammer.
34
Q

Liaison committee TBC

A
  • convention - scrutinising pm
  • 2 times a year
  • not partisan but have mandate to scrutinise freely
  • all 35 chairs of select coms make up liaison com
  • bj cancelled 3 liaison com appearances. - refusing to be held accountable.
  • July 2023, Sunak faced questions about bjs appearance before Privileges com, govt Rwanda plan and cost of living crisis. But unlike pmqs, liaison com, doesn’t have the effect on the mood of the party for press or public.
  • 2023 Sunak refused to reveal true cost of Rwanda plan nor confirm is any airlines agreed to take migrants there.
  • bj refused to answer questions about partygate.
35
Q

Public bill committee TBC

A
  • suggests amendments
  • experts
  • not known to public
  • scrutinise legislation
  • members chosen by elected MPs and party whips
  • 2022 when considering public order bill, the com took evidence from stakeholders like the chief constable Chris noble.
  • most vote in party lines
    -2000-2010 only 88 non-govt amendments were successful in PBcoms despite opposition MPs proposing 17,468 amendments.
36
Q

GUIDING PREINCIPLES OF JUDICIARY UPHELD.

A
37
Q

Departmental select committees

A
  • 11 backbenchers MPs to scrutinise departments - chaired by bbs
  • members elected by secret ballot + built in majority form govt
  • Jeremy hunt, previous health sec took on role as chair of health select committee in 2019
  • increased salaries since wright reforms 2010
  • Yvette Cooper questioned home sec Amber Rudd in 2018 over Wind rush scandal over deportation of people with West Indian heritage.
  • lots of media publicity
  • Dominic Cummings select com evidence 2021 - advised bj to sack health sec (Hancock) after breaching social distancing guidance after kissing a colleague.

Politics Essay Examples !!! (9 decks)

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