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Politics Essay Examples !!! > Comp 1: Political Parties > Flashcards

Comp 1: Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

Policy formulation

A
  • rise in number of parties contesting seats since WW2 suggests electorate has increased choice - 600 Tory MPs
  • more focused on winning with personality over policy. Blair and Johnson were both extremely charismatic and so could be the reason for their success over their policies.
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2
Q

Recruitment of leaders

A
  • leaders chosen based on most likely to win e.g. personality
  • reduction of party membership to 2% of the population so not democratic
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3
Q

Organisation of govt

A
  • Decline in party unity since 1970s weakens party majority and therefore control of commons
  • Theresa may with majority of 12 so lacked control
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4
Q

Participation and mobilisation

A
  • campaigns educated electorate
  • partisan dealignment : 44% in 1964 felt strong attachment to a single party but not that’s on 9% in 2015.
  • reduced turnout : 2001 = 59.4%
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5
Q

Representations

A
  • reduced specific representation
  • labour and Tory sharing more views
  • specific pressure groups more affective
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6
Q

Funding: donations and membership

A
  • Blairs Labour Party wanted reduce trade union reliance and attract other donors.
  • under corbyn, membership increased generating healthy income and attracted smaller donations to make links to wider society
  • Tory party increased membership from 124000 in 2018 to 160000 in 2019
  • labour SNP and greens saw membership increase since 2015 almost exceeding income from donations.
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7
Q

PPERA 2000

A

Political parties election and referendum act 2000
- capped donations at £10,000
- increases transparency
- all donation over £7500 must be declared for scrutiny reasons
- election spending capped at £30000 per constituency contested

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8
Q

PM scandals

A
  • 1997-2007: Blair cash for peerages. Bernie Ecolstone, F1 donor.?
  • 2019-2022: Johnson - snp called for enquiry into cash for honours after 26 peerages were given including number of donors.
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9
Q

2019 GE funding

A

Overall = £30.7m
Tories = 63%
Labour = 18%
Brexit Party = 13.5%
62% for individual donors.
21% from companies.
16% form trade unions.

71% of Tory money from donors
93% of lab money from trade unions

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10
Q

Thatcherism: economy - loan

A

1970s
- uk economy required loan from International Monetary Fund due to winter of discontent

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11
Q

One nation: economy

A
  • 2023 - Hunt autumn statement announced national insurance cuts despite other tax cuts - supports poor.
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12
Q

One nation: welfare

A

2019
- 40 new hospitals built
- 17000 doctors and nurses
- 3.4% increase funding per year
- £4000 increase funding per year for primary and secondary = £5000
-

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13
Q

One nation: law and order

A

2019
- 20000 new officers recruited
- increased state funding

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14
Q

Thatcherism: economy

A
  • 2019 tax cuts and not raising income tax
  • no more than 3% GDP to reduce dept
  • 2019 BJ favoured tax cuts
  • 2022 Truss and Kwarteng incrtoduced Mini budget and tax cuts
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15
Q

Thatcherism: Welfare

A
  • 2019 benefit cap, universal credit and benefit freeeze
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16
Q

Thatcherism: foreign policy

A
  • 2019 election campaign “GET BREXIT DONE”
  • hard brexitiers formed ‘European reform group’, to focus on breaking from Europe and turn towards America and nationalism.
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17
Q

Thatcherism: law and order

A
  • 2010-2017: austerity remained greater priority , cutting public spending
  • increased police powers rot stop and search.
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18
Q

Ld labour: Keynsean economics

A

Furlough scheme 2020

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19
Q

New labour

A
  • 3x large election defeats in 79-92 and needed changes
  • e.g. Michael foots (1983) ‘longest suicide note in history’
  • abandoned Clause IV in 1995 ending commitment to nationalism
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20
Q

Old labour: economy

A
  • keynsaen economics: stimulate growth, buy increasing public spending
  • raise income tax for top 5% earners
  • supports common ownership of rail, mail, energy and water
21
Q

New labour:economy

A
  • want to tackle local pollution via CLEAN AIR ACT
  • proposed top rate of tax falls below the 86% in 1970s.
  • wishes to return to corporate tax
  • 2021, party opposed any immediate tax hikes on businesses ie to fear that it would restrict economy recovery.
22
Q

Old labour: welfare

A
  • abolish universal credit
  • abolish tuition fees
23
Q

New labour: welfare

A
  • social inclusion over redistribution of wealth
24
Q

Ola labour: law and order

A
  • ## rebuild public services to reduce crime and made society safer
25
Q

New labour: law and order

A
  • extra 2000 police officers in streets like tories
26
Q

Old labour: foreign policy

A
  • introduce PREVENTION OF MILITARY INTERVENTION ACT to make war possible under s=certain circumstances
  • more anti EU
27
Q

New labour: law and order

A
  • support investment in defence, nuclear deterrent and NATO
28
Q

Centre right LD: economy

A
  • entered 2019 election with toughest rules of govt borrowing to be strongest in party finances
  • stated it would run 1% surplus on current spending = public services=ce spending lower than amount raised in tax
29
Q

Centre left LD: economy

A
  • tax rises to pay for spending commitments to improve public services and tackle climate change.
  • 20% minimum wage boost for zero hour contracts.
30
Q

Centre right LD: welfare

A
  • responsible spending.
  • addition spending uses tax rises
31
Q

Centre left LD: welfare

A
  • extra £7bn per year on health and social care - one penny in a pound on income tax .
    Free child care due to corporation tax
32
Q

Centre right LD: law and order

A
  • extra £1bn per year for policing
  • 2 new officers in every council ward in uk
33
Q

Centre left LD: law and order

A
  • invest in local services to reduce crime
  • legalising cannibis
34
Q

LD foreign policy

A
  • thinks uk should be involved with World Trade Organisation.
  • against renewal like-for-like nuclear deterrent 2010 but accept maintaining minimum nuclear deterrent.
  • united around Brexit
  • 2019 manifesto commented to reverse Brexit.
  • but 2020 new leader looked to move party beyond EU issue claiming to want close ties with EU in Brexit deal rather than rejoin.
35
Q

SNP

A

Economy: 2010 spending cuts, 2019 scrapping Trident nuclear armed submarine system to fees up billions for public services.

Welfare: scrap roll-out of universal credit and reverse manufacturing benefit cuts introduced since 2010 . Increase healthcare spending.

Law and order: recruited more than 1000 officers unlike the decline of officer numbers in Wales and England. Scrapped VAT for emergency service in Scotland and refund £175m in VAT back.

Foreign policy: stop Brexit, supported 2019 2nd Brexit referendum. Want another Scottish independence referendum within 2019-2024.

  • centre left
  • 2007 biggest party in Hollyrood
  • 2011 formed fist only majority govt in Scotland
  • leader = Hamza Yousaf
36
Q

Two party system

A
  • 1945-1970 with Tory and labour winning over 90% of vote dominating HOC.
  • 1970s post war when govt flips between lab and Tory
37
Q

2 1/2 party system

A
  • 1974 onwards
  • vote shared between 2 main parties - 89.4% but 74.9% in feb of 1974.
  • ## lowered vote share but still over 90% of commons seats in 1974-1992 and 86-88% in 1997-2015
38
Q

Multiparty system

A
  • since 1997
  • 2010 coalition
  • 2017-9minority Tory govt
  • devolution
  • proportional electoral systems - since 1997
39
Q

Tony Blair 5 pledges 1997

A
  • cut class sizes to 30 for 5,6,7 (left wing - labour socialist)
  • fats track punishment for young offenders (centre right - Thatcherite)
  • cut NHS waiting lists by treating extra 100,000 patients (centre but closer to Thatcherite)
  • get 250000 under 25s off benefits and into work (socialist but shows Thatcherite)
  • no rise income tax, cut vat on heating to 5% and inflation and interests as low as possible (more Thatcherite)
40
Q

Tony Blair

A
  • labour leader 1994
  • new labour
  • ## 10% votes for Tory to labour
41
Q

Foot

A
  • 1983
  • abolish HOL
  • improve equality
  • ## reduce unemployment
42
Q

Ed Milliband - 2015

A

Economy: cut deficit, min wage to £8 by 2019, freeze energy bills until 2017.

Welfare: invest £2.5bn more than Tory to recruit 8000 more GPs 20000 nurses and 5000 midwives. Cap class sizes. 200000 new homes by 2020

FP: return Britain to leadership role in EU. Pro EU.

L+O: end exploitative zero hr contracts.

43
Q

Jeremy Corbyn - 2019

A

Economy: raise min wage £8.21 to £10. Scrap universal credit and introduce benefit caps.

Welfare: increase health budget 3%. Build 100000 new homes. Stop state pension age rising.

FP: hold 2nd Brexit referendum. Give eu national rights to remain.

LO: other policy ideas will reduced crime rates.

44
Q

Keir Starmer

A

Economy: restore economic stability.

Welfare: 500000 new jobs. Cut NHS waiting times.

FP: nuclear weapon commitment, and wants to spend 2.3% GDP of defence this yr 2024

LO: 1/2 serious crime. Put 13000 more neighbourhood police on streets, tougher rape sentencing.

called 1945 creation of NHS and British nuclear programme ‘towering achievements.

45
Q

Greens !!!

A
  • centre left
  • leader = Carla Denver and Adrian Ramsey
  • 700 local councillors
  • invest £240m in energy transition programme
  • influence at local level
46
Q

UKIP

A
  • pro Brexit
  • 12.6% highest note share they got (2015)
  • compete with Tory
  • formed in 1993
47
Q

DUP

A
  • coalition with Sein Fane - Stormont
  • confidence and supply agreement with my Tory in 2017
  • only in NI
  • power share
  • significant impact and support with 29 MEPS in 2020
48
Q

Dominant party system

A
  • 1997 - 180 seats won by labour and Blair’s 2 landslides
  • thatcher majority landslide 1983-87
49
Q

Party divisions

A
  • tories divided after smoking ban for those born after 2009

Politics Essay Examples !!! (9 decks)

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