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Politics Essay Examples !!! > Comp 1: Democracy And Participation > Flashcards

Comp 1: Democracy And Participation Flashcards

1
Q

Direct democracy:

A
  • originated in Athens in Ancient Greece
    Referendums:
  • Scottish independence referendum 2014
  • AV referendum
  • EU referendum - divided Tory eurosceptics, were settled by referendum.
    Other:
  • Recall of MPs act 2010
  • Switzerland are a direct democracy and use initiatives, votes for president and has citizens assembly, federal.
  • New England - citizenship legislature and local town hall elections
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2
Q

Representative deomcracy

A
  • range of elections gives voters more chances to participate: police crime commissioners since 2012, metro mayors election since 2017, London mayor elections since 2000.
    Disadvantages: elected parties don’t always follow will of people e.g. Lib Dem’s when in coalition with tories went against promise to cut tuition fees and instead, increased them.
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3
Q

Participation crisis:

A
  • yes: low turnout in 2001 at 58% compared to 1997 at 76%
  • only 1.6% of population belong to political party membership which was 3.8^ in 1983
  • no: increase in participation in pressure groups like climate crisis and Iraq war
  • over 5.5 million signatures for petition to revoke Article 50.
    Membership:
  • Tory - 2019 = 180000. 2022 = 172000
  • labour - 2019 = 485000. 2023 = 400000
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4
Q

Turnout:

A

Highest:
UK - 1992 GE 77.7%
Scotland - 2021 63%
Wales - 2021 46%
Greater LND - 2016 45%
Lowest:
UK - 20012 GE 59.4%
Referendums:
Scottish Independence - 85%
EU - 72.2%
Good Friday - 81%
Welsh devolution - 50%
AV ref - 42%

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5
Q

1992 GE

A

Turnout - 77.7%
Winner - tories
% votes - 41.9%

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6
Q

1997 GE

A

Turnout - 71.4%
Winner - lab
% votes - 43.2%

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7
Q

2010 GE

A

Turnout - 65.1%
Winner - Tories + Libs
% Votes:
Libs 23%
Tories 36%

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8
Q

2015 GE

A

Turnout - 66.2%
Winner - Tory
% votes - 36.8%

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9
Q

2017 GE

A

Turnout - 68.8%
Winner - Tory
% votes - 42.3%

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10
Q

2019 GE

A

Turnout - 67.3%
Winner - Tory
% votes - 43.6%

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11
Q

Votes differ in importance and significance:

A

2019 GE - Sheffield Hallam
- 8.8 % between 1st and 3rd
- Knowsley labour majority of 72.71% so SURPLUS

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12
Q

Pressure groups

A

Green peace - 3 million members so good funding
National farmers union - insider lobbyists
National autistic society - ‘I EXIST” campaign bought Autism act 2009 by MP Cheryl Gillian through private members bill.

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13
Q

Think tanks

A

Fabian society = centre left has influenced kier starmer

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14
Q

Lobbying scandals

A

2020:
Cameron messaging Sunak to get company Greensill onto COVID corporate finance facility scheme.

2024:
Scott Benton MP for Tories and Blackpool South constituency .
Faced by election after weaker of lobbying scandal.
Filmed offering to lobby minister for a fake company in a newspaper sting. He was offering to leak confidential policy paper from parliamentary questions.
Suspended as Tory mp.

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15
Q

Judicial review

A

Irrationality = Hndcock sent home Covid patients from hospital leading to many deaths

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16
Q

Freedom of info act + scandal

A

2000
- mp expenses
- Peter viggers claims £1645 for duck house

17
Q

Anti terrorism crime and security act

A
  • 2001
  • Detains suspected non-British terrorists.
  • Protects collective rights but limits individual rights.
18
Q

Prevention of terrorism act

A
  • 2005
  • Control suspected terrorists with house arrests, phone restriction and lack of freedom of movement.
  • Restricts individual rights but protects collective rights.
19
Q

Terrorism act

A
  • 2006
  • Arrested suspects held for 90 day period before being charged with crime. 90 days rejected in report stage and reduced to 28 day detention.
  • Individual rights limited and possibly breached if innocent and collective rights protected from dangerous people.
20
Q

Counter terrorism act

A
  • 2008
  • Detain suspects for 42 days but was rejected. So protects individual rights as it prevents longer detention.
  • But it doesn’t protect collective rights if a guilty person is let free.
21
Q

Terrorism asset freezing act

A
  • 2010
  • Reduced right to enjoyment of property like financial restrictions.
  • Restricts individual rights to protect collective rights.
22
Q

Investigatory powers act

A
  • 2016
  • Retention of personal electronic data.
  • Limits individuals rights to privacy.
23
Q

Police crime sentencing and courts act

A
  • 2022
  • Restrictions on protesting freedoms.
  • Reduces individual freedom of expression but does protect collective from harmful impacts of protests.
24
Q

Public order act

A
  • 2023
  • Prevents ‘locking on’ and other disruptive physical forms of protest.
  • Protects collective, limits individual.
25
Q

Shamima Begum special immigration appeals case 2023

A
  • collective rights protected individual rights not protected.
  • begum tried to join Islamic state so stopped of citizenship for national security by Sajid Javid.
26
Q

Ghaidan VS Godin-mendoza 2004

A
  • individual rights protected against discrimination
  • gave homosexual couple the rights to Article 8 - rights to private and family life
  • rent act 19777 embraced homosexual couples living together and courts power to ‘read in’ to legislation using HRA
27
Q

Civil partnership act 2004

A
  • enables same sex couples to obtain legal recognition.
  • but when marriage was allowed CPA wasn’t repealed to they had both options
  • but this left heterosexual couples with the option to only marry not be civil partners
    Protects individual rights to obtain rights to private family life and refrain for discrimination
28
Q

Abu Qatada vs UK

A
  • individual rights protected - no slavery or forced labour
  • Abu, a radical Muslim, tried to promote violence and Islamist cause so spent time in jail.
  • was a threat and ministers wanted to deport him for trial
  • but legal advisors delayed this on the terms that he might face torture and breached rights.
  • but Uk saw him a dangerous influence.

Politics Essay Examples !!! (9 decks)

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