COMNET LEc Flashcards
Carries the data in the form of
signals between two or more
computers
Network Media
Provides the path for sending and
receiving information between
computers
Network Media
6 factors to consider in choosing a network Media
● Cost
● Ease of installation
● Flexibility
● Resistance to interference or EMI
● Speed or capacity or bandwidth
● Attenuation
EMI stands for?
electromagnetic interference
It refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of
time
Bandwidth
It is the capacity of the cable to transfer signal from one point to another
Attenuation
2 major classifications of Media
Wired Media and Wireless Media
3 types of Wired Media
○ Twisted pair cable
○ Coaxial Cable
○ Fiber Optic Cable
4 types of wireless media
○ Wireless LAN
○ Extended LAN
○ Mobile Computing
○ Wireless PAN
Another term for Wired Media
Cabled, Bounded
or Conducted media
This cable carries data in the form
of electronic signals
Twisted Pair
Consists of two strands of copper
wire twisted around each other
Twisted Pair
2 Basic Types of Twisted Pair Cable
○ Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Has a covering around the 4 pairs
of wire
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
6 categories of UTP cable
Category 1 (CAT 1)
● Category 2 (CAT 2)
● Category 3 (CAT 3)
● Category 4 (CAT 4)
Category 5
● Category 5e
● Category 6
Type of UTP cable that can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps.
Cat 5
Type of utp cable that Used for telephone communications. Not suitable for transmitting data.
Cat 1
Type of UTP cable that is Capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4 megabits
per second (Mbps).
Cat 2
Type of UTP cable that is Used in 10BASE-T networks. Can transmit data at speeds up
to 10 Mbps.
Cat 3
Type of UTP cable that is Used in Token Ring networks. Can transmit data at speeds
up to 16 Mbps.
Cat 4
Type of UTP cable that is Used in networks running at speeds
up to 1000 Mbps (1 gigabit per second
[Gbps]).
Cat 5e
Typically it a cable consists of
four pairs of 24 American Wire Gauge
(AWG) copper wires.
Cat 6
This type of twisted pair, the average costs per node is moderately expensive
STP or shielded twisted pair
This type of twisted pair, the average costs per node is least expensive
UTP or unshielded tiwsted pair
This type of twisted pair, media connector size is medium to large
STP or shileded twisted pair
This type of twisted pair, media connector size is medium to large small
UTP or unshileded twisted pair
ADVANTAGES OF
Twisted pair (TP) cable
○Availability and relatively low cost
○Ease of installation
○Excellent spatial efficiency
(high transmission capacity in very small
cable)
○Good information-carrying capacity
(transmission rates of 1 Gigabit per second at
100
meters for Category 6 twisted pair cable)
○Application independent cabling
DISADVANTAGES OF
Twisted pair (TP) cable
*Relatively low transmission rates it
provides
for long-distance links
*Unsuitable for very high-speed data
transmission
*Susceptibility to signal distortion or
error due
to interferences
A type of wire that consists of a
center wire surrounded by
insulation and then a grounded
shield of braided wire.
Coaxial cable
Like the twisted pair cable, it
also carries data in the form of
electronic signals.
Coaxial cable
2 basic types of COAX
Thin Coaxial Cable (RG-58)
Thick Coaxial Cable(RG-8)
○ Diameter is about 0.64 cm
○ Attenuation is 185 m (sometimes rounded of to 200 m)
Thin Coaxial Cable (RG-58)
○ Diameter is about 1.27 cm
○ Attenuation is 500 m
Thick Coaxial Cable(RG-8)
ADVANTAGES OF
COAXIAL cable
○Immunity to interference such as noise or
signal distortion better than twisted pair
cables
○Reasonable cost over short distances
○Standards and technology are mature which
promotes compatibility and interoperability of
different vendor’s equipment
○Heavier coaxial cable is relatively strong and
resists rough treatment
disadvantages OF
COAXIAL cable
○Lack of security
○Low data transmission rates compared to
twisted pair and fiber optic cable
○Must be kept dry to prevent excessive
leakage between the two conductors
Type of wired media carries data in the
form of modulated pulses of light.
Fiber Optic Cable
Made out of light-conducting glass or
plastic fibers at the center of a thick tube of
protective cladding surrounded by a tough
outer sheath.
Fiber Optic Cable
2 basic types FIBER OPTIC CABLE
Single-Mode fiber optic cable
Multimode fiber optic cable
Fastest fiber optic technique; the
lights is guided down the center of an
extremely narrow core
Single-Mode fiber optic cable
Refracts the light toward the center
of the fiber by variations in the
density of the core
Multimode fiber optic cable
ADVANTAGES OF
fiber optic cable
○Very low error rates
○Faster transmission rate
○Immunity to environmental interference
○High attenuation
disadvantages OF
fiber optic cable
○Costly for short distances
○Complex to configure and install
○Needs specialized training/education in
order to install
○Possesses the inability to add new nodes
while other nodes are active
refers to
a computer network that
makes use of Radio
Frequency (RF) connections
between nodes in the
network.
Wireless Media
are a popular solution for
homes, businesses, and
telecommunications
networks.
Wireless Media
often an appropriate, and
sometimes necessary, networking option
Wireless Environment
It is a is misleading phrase
because it implies a network completely free of
cabling.
Wireless Environment
Wireless Network Capabilities
● Provide temporary connections to an existing, cabled
network
● Help provide backup to an existing network
● Provide some degree of portability
● Extend networks beyond the limits of physical
connectivity
The main advantage of wireless networking?
Flexibility
are helping to
combat this pandemic by monitoring the spread of the
virus, enabling healthcare automation, and enabling
virtual education and conferencing.
Wireless communication technologies
Use for Wireless – Network Connectivity
● Busy locations, such as lobbies and reception areas
● Users who are constantly on the move, such as doctors
and nurses in hospitals
● Isolated areas and buildings
● Departments which the physical setting changes
frequently and unpredictably
● Structures, such as historic buildings, for which cabling
present challenges
4 types of Wireless Connections
Local Area Network
Ppersonal Area Netwokr
Metro politan Area Network
Wide Area Networks
is a computer network that exists at a
single site, such as an office building.
LAN
It can be used to
connect a variety of components, such as computers,
printers, and data storage devices.
LAN
It is the most commnonly known LAN
WIFI
consists of a network centralized
around the devices of a single person in a single location.
PAN
could have computers, phones, video game consoles,
or other peripheral devices. They are common inside
homes and small office buildings.
PAN
It is the most common PAN
Bluetooth
is a computer network that
spans across a city, small geographical area, or business or
college campus.
MAN
can cover several square miles,
depending on the needs of the organization.
MAN
It usually consists of a solitary
building or area.
LAN
It covers a very large area, like an entire city,
state, or country.
WAN
most common known wireless WAN
Cellular services
makes use of a Wireless Bridge that
connects two pre-existing networks.
Extended LAN
is a component that offers an easy
way to link buildings without using cable.
Wireless Bridge
a wireless bridge
provides data path between two networks of different
buildings.
Footbridge
use transmitters
and receivers owned by the company in which the
network operates.
Wireless LANs and Extended LANs
also known as Cellular
Technology
Mobile Computing
incorporates wireless adapters using
cellular telephone technology to connect portable
computers with the cabled network
Mobile COmputing
public carriers, such as long
distance telephone companies, along with local
telephone companies and their public services to
transmit and receive signals
Mobile Computing
breaks a transmission into
packets.
Packet Radio Transmission
uses the same technology and some of the
same systems that cellular telephone use.
Cellular Networks or Cellular Digital Packet Data
(CDPD)
It offers computer data transmissions over existing
analog voice networks between voice calls when the
system is not busy.
Cellular Networks or Cellular Digital Packet Data
(CDPD)
This is very fast technology that suffers only
subsecond delays, making it reliable enough for real-
time transmission.
Cellular Networks or Cellular Digital Packet Data
(CDPD)
is a good choice for
interconnecting buildings in small, short-distance
systems such as those on a campus or in an
industrial park.
Microwave System
Wireless networks use four techniques for transmitting
data:
○ Infrared Transmission
○ Laser Transmission
○ Narrowband (single-frequency) radio transmission
○ Spread spectrum radio transmission
is currently the most widely
used long-distance transmission method in the
United States.
Microwave transmission
● Used in Wireless LANs.
Infrared Transmission
operate by using an infrared light beam to carry the data
between devices.
infrared wireless networks
LASER stands for
Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation
it describes the physical
process by which light is amplified
LASER
it is similar to infrared technology in that
it requires a direct line of sight and any person or thing
that breaks the laser beam will block the transmission
Laser Tecnhnology
This transmission technique is similar to broadcasting
from a radio station.
-Narrowband (Single-Frequency) Radio Transmission
The user tunes both the transmitted and the receiver to
a certain frequency.
This does not require line-of-sight focusing because the
broadcast range is 3000 meters (9842 feet).
Narrowband (Single-Frequency) Radio Transmission
This method is relatively slow; transmission is in the 4.8
Mbps range
Narrowband (Single-Frequency) Radio Transmission
broadcasts signals
over a range of frequencies. This addresses the
narrowband communication problems.
-Spread Spectrum Radio Transmission
The available frequencies are divided into channels or
hops
The adapters for spectrum are tuned in to a specific hop
at a predetermined period of time and then switches to
the next hop
-Spread Spectrum Radio Transmission
➢is any type of computer network that
uses wireless data connections for
connecting network nodes.
Wireless Network
➢A type of network use to connect
digital gadgets on a wireless connectivity
devices such as routers and access point
Wireless Netwokr
Plug in an AC Adapter
to an outlet, plug into
the router and access
point, press the power
button and wait for the
LED indicator to be lit. (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 1
Connect one end of
networking cable to the
Ethernet port of the
router and connect the
other end to the LAN
adapter of a computer. (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 2
Access the router
configuration panel
through a web
browser and on the
URL tab type the
IP address 192.168.0.1 (routr)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 3
On the log in menu,
Enter the default
username “admin”
and the default
password “admin” (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 4
Once the username and
password was verified
and accepted the main
panel of router configuration
will appear, click on Wireless
then choose Wireless Setting. (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 5
Change the default
Wireless Network
name to your lastname
Ex. Natividad then
Click Save. (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 6
After changing and saving
the Wireless Network
name, its time to change
the default password by
clicking the Wireless
Security tab. (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 7
Once the Wireless
Security tab was clicked,
another panel will appear.
Change the Wireless
Password ex. cet@2016
then click Save. (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 8
Once the configuration
was changed and saved, the
device is required to reboot.
Click the System Tools Tab
on the lower part of the
panel and click Reboot. (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 9
After the router confi-
guration, disconnect the
networking cable attached
to the laptop and connect
the cable from ISP to Router’s
WAN port. (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 10
Search for the wireless
network through notification
area. Connect the laptop
From wireless network
named Natividad, type in
the WEP password
cet@2016 then click connect. (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 11
To check if there’s an
internet connection, click
on Google Chrome
Browser and type on the
URL Bar www.google.com
and Google logo will appear (router)
Procedure in configuring router
STEP 12
Connect one end of
networking cable from
the Ethernet port of
access point and another
end of networking cable to
the LAN adapter of laptop (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 1
Access the router
configuration panel
through a web
browser and on the URL
tab type the
IP address 192.168.0.254 (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 2
Another panel will
appear and prompt to
enter user name and
password. Type the default
username “admin” and
default password “admin”
then Click on log in button. (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 3
The user will be logged to
the access configuration
panel and the user will be
guided to setup the device
step-by-step in performing
simple configurations. On
this panel click Next button (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 4
The user will be prompt to
choose what type of
Operation mode, for this
select Access Point as its
operation mode then click
Next (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 5
Change the Wireless
Network Name(SSID) and
Wireless Password through
Wireless Setting panel.
Change the SSID name to
ex. Arvin and Password to
ex. cet@2016 then click Next. (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 6
On Network Setting panel
click the Next button and
will proceed immediately on
Finish panel then click on
Reboot button to instantly
restart the access point. (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 7
After the “Configuration
Completed Successfully”
message from the access
point, unplug the networking
cable attached to the laptop
and connect it to the Fast
Ethernet port No. 1 of the router. (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 8
Search for the wireless
network through notification
area. Connect the laptop
From wireless network
named Arvin, type in
the WEP password
cet@2016 then click connect. (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 9
To check if there’s an
internet connection, click
on Google Chrome
Browser and type on the
URL Bar www.google.com
and Google logo will
appear and It’s Done! (access point)
Procedure in configuring access point
STEP 10
