COAL lec Flashcards
All of the electronic and mechanical equipment in a
computer
Hardware
used to describe computer
programs that perform a task or tasks on a computer
system.
software
System Software are?
Operating system (Linux, AMD)
Utility programs
Anti virus
application softwares
word, solid works
collection of electronic and
mechanical devices operating as a unit.
Computer system
main parts of computer system
SYstem unit , monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers
is the main container for system
devices. It protects the delicate electronic and
mechanical devices from damage.
system unit
are devices that connect to the system
unit using cables or wireless technologies.
peripheral (Example Monitorm keyboard, printer, plotter, scanner, speakers)
two main manufacturers of processor:
AMD (Athlon and Turion )
Intel (Pentium and centrino)
A IC is supplied on a single silicon
chip. It’s function is to control all the computers
functions.
Central processing unit
a series of instructions. When a
program is run, the processor carries out these
instructions in an orderly fashion.
computer program
addition, subtraction etc
arithmetic
comparing data and acting according
to the result
logical
move data from place to place within the
computer system - memory to the processor for
addition - memory to a printer or disk drive etc.
Move
The processor is speed is measured by?
Megahertz (MHz) - I million clock ticks every second
Gigahertz (GHz) - 1 billion clocks every second
multi-core processors can have two,
three or four processor cores on a single chip. true or false
True
main computer memory.
Random Access Memory
contents of memory are lost if the
computer is turned off
Volatile
memory IC’s on a circuit board
Module
This memory is for desktop computer
DIMM’s (dual inline memory module)
this memory is sold for notebooks computer
SODIMM’s (small outline dual inline memory
module)
DDR Three tyoes of DDR
Double data Ram
DDR1
DDR2
DDR3
the main circuit board
for the computer system.
Motherboard or system board
different processors require
different sockets and a motherboard must be chosen
to suit the processor intended for use
processor socket
In processor socket Socket 478 is for?
Intel Pentium IV
In processor Socket 775 is for?
Intel Dual Core and COre duo
Socket 754 - AMD Athlon
* Socket 939 - AMD Athlon 64
* Socket AM2 - AMD Athlon X2
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controls data flow around the computer.
Chipset
What are the two chips that consists in Chipset
Northbridge and southbridge
Chipset that data flow between memory and processor
Northbridge
Chipset that data flow to the devices
southbridge
a path through which data can be sent to the
different parts of the computer system.
Buses
it converts Alternating Current (AC) Direct Current (DC)
POwer supply
how many volts are use in ciruit boards in the computer
3.3 and 5 volts
how many volts are use in disk drives
12 volts
APM
advances power management
Connects to the motherboard and supplies the 3.3 and 5
volt supply for the board.
Main Connector
Connects IDE hard drives and optical drives.
Molex Connector
Connects floppy disks
Berg Connector
Sata drives
SATA connector
interfaces between peripheral
devices and the computer. They are mainly found at
the back of the computer but are often also built into the
front of the computer chassis for easy access.
ports
a 9-pin port. Often called Com
ports - Com1, Com2 etc. Mice and external modems were connected to these ports. They are turquoise in colour.
Serial port
a 25-pin port used to connect
printers, scanners, external hard disks, zip etc. to the computer. Burgundy in colour, they are often called LPT ports - LPT1, LPT2 etc.
Parallel Port
used to connect a monitor to the
computer system.
Video port
This is a 15-pin port and is blue in
colour. It is an analogue port and is being replaced by the DVI port.
VGA port
white in colour, it is a digital port.
DVI port
used to connect keyboards and
mice to the computer. The keyboard port is
purple and the mouse port is green
PS/2 port
used to connect a modem to a
telephone line. RJ11 is the technical term for the
port.
Modem Port
intended to replace Serial, Parallel
and PS/2 ports with a single standard. 127
devices can be connected to a single USB port.
USB port
devices can be connected
and disconnected while the computer is on
hot swappable
original standard - transfer data of 1.5MBps.
USB 1
current standard - transfer rate of 60MBps.
USB 2
future standard (2009) transfer rate of 600MBps.
USb 3
(IEEE 1394) is an Apple
technology There are two versions available
and a third is planned:
firewire port
IEEE means?
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
used to connect to a network.
Known as RJ45, it is larger than a modem port.
Ehternet Port
used to input and output audio
from the computer.
Audio Ports
Light blue - Line in - connect external devices
* Lime - Connect the speakers to this port.
* Pink - Connect a microphone to this port.
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screen images are made up of dots
pixels (picture elemetns)
must process each of these pixels to create the image.
Graphics Card
800 x 600 - 480,000 pixels
* 1024 x 768 - 786,432 pixels
* 1280 x 1024: - 1,310,720 pixels
* 1600 x 1200: - 1,920,000 pixels
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two types of graphics card
AGp (accelerated graphics port) and PCI express
Allows for two graphics cards to
improve the performance
SLI (Scalable Link INterface)
Connects the sound card to a PCI slot
PCI connector
is used
to connect digital musical instruments to the
computer.
MIDI socket (Musical Instrument Digital Interface port
)
These are used to connect microphones, speakers,
stereo systems etc to the computer.
Audio Jacks
What are the two main functions of sound card?
DAC (digital to analogue converter)
to prepare audio for speakers etc.
ADC (analogue to digital converter)
to convert the audio coming into the computer.
allows computers join a network. Can be wired
or wireless.
network card
The standard used is called
?? covers wired and wireless
networks.
Ethernet
the fast ethernet speed is?
100 mbps
the gigabyte ethernet speed of transmission is?
1000 mbps
introduced in 1999, it has
a transmission rate of 11Mbps and a range of
30 Metres.
The B standard
introduced in 2003, it has
a transmission rate of 54Mbps and a range of
30 Metres.
the G standard
introduced in 2006, it has
a transmission speed of 540Mbps and a
range of 50 metres.
The N standard
Internet access using a telephone line.
modem
The standard transmission speed of a modem
56kpbs
volatile - contents
lost when power is turned off.
primary storage (memory)
`
non-volatile -
can store files when power is turned off.
Secondary Storage (disk Drives)
coated with tiny iron
particles which can be magnetised to north and
south to represent the binary digits 0 and 1.
metal disk (platter)
used to magnetise the
particles on the disk surface to represent the data
held in RAM. The computer can now be switched
off and a copy of the data is safe for later use.
Read-write Head
IDE
integrated drive electronics
The disks
connect to the motherboard using a ribbon cable.
IDE
SATA
(Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)
allow faster data transfer speeds than IDE.
There is no master/slave arrangement with
SATA and each drive has it’s own cable.
SATA
drives use lasers to sense pits and lands
mechanically pressed into a polycarbonate disk.
Optical Drives
use a dye layer to mimic the lands
and pits created mechanically on commercial disks.
CD-R
The three laser intensities
Intensity 1 - Read data
* Intensity 2 - Burn data
* Intensity 3 - Erase data
Replaces floppy drives in new computers. They can
read media cards from most digital cameras:
Card Reader
displays images generated by the
graphics card.
Monitors
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
CRT (Cathode RayTube)
ratio of standard monitor
4:3
ratio of standard widescreen monitor
16:9
connector is used for analogue signals
VGA
connector is used for digital.
DVI
native resolution at which the image is crisp.
Other resolutions are possible but the image quality decreases.
LCD monitors
Primary input device
Keyboard
contains the letter and number
keys, shift keys, spacebar, return key etc.
typing keys
These keys are arranged as
on a calculator.
numeric keypad
programmable keys used by
software for special functions. E.g. - F1 - Help.
Function Keypad
screen and cursor control.
control keys
useful for use with notebook
computers. Leaves users less prone to RSI (Repetitive
Strain Injury)
Rubber Keyboard
Input device - uses point and click technology
Mouse
uses a ball to roll across the surface and move
rollers attached to sensors inside the mouse - reflecting the
ball movement as cursor movement.
ball mouse
camera takes thousands of images per
second and sends them for digital processing. The red LED
lights up the surface for the camera.
optical mouse
Output devices - produce a hardcopy ( permanent
and readable) of computer data.
printer
two main technologies in printer
inkjet (Bubble Je)-uses an electric charge to vibrate a membrane.
Laser - a heating element locally heats ink to form a
bubble
use inkjet technology and are available in A3,
A2, A1 and A0.
plotters
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect
