Community Mobility And Driving Flashcards

1
Q

A comprehensive design or blueprint for maintaining social participation through diverse means of community mobility, typically as an alternative to independent driving or to facilitate the transition process to a non-driver.

What term is described above?

A. Certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS)
B. Community mobility assessment
C. Comprehensive driving evaluation
D. Driving and community mobility
E. Driving risk assessment
F. Fitness to drive
G. On-demand transportation network systems
H. Transportation plan

A

H. Transportation plan

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2
Q

A process of assessing the primary client factors essential for driving (e.g., cognition, vision, visual–perceptual skills, motor skills) as part of the plan of care to determine next steps to address the IADL of driving.

What term is described above?

A. Certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS)
B. Community mobility assessment
C. Comprehensive driving evaluation
D. Driving and community mobility
E. Driving risk assessment
F. Fitness to drive
G. On-demand transportation network systems
H. Transportation plan

A

E. Driving risk assessment

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3
Q

The process of establishing where the client needs and wants to go outside their home, then using the outcomes of the performance analysis to determine modes of transportation that are reasonable, accessible, and available for the client at their current functional level.

What term is described above?

A. Certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS)
B. Community mobility assessment
C. Comprehensive driving evaluation
D. Driving and community mobility
E. Driving risk assessment
F. Fitness to drive
G. On-demand transportation network systems
H. Transportation plan

A

B. Community mobility assessment

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4
Q

A provider of driver rehabilitation services, which may include clinical driver assessments, behind-the-wheel driving assessments, driving mobility equipment evaluations, and/or interventions to develop or restore driving skills and abilities.

What term is described above?

A. Certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS)
B. Community mobility assessment
C. Comprehensive driving evaluation
D. Driving and community mobility
E. Driving risk assessment
F. Fitness to drive
G. On-demand transportation network systems
H. Transportation plan

A

A. Certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS)

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5
Q

A description of a driver’s skills and abilities that indicates the person is capable of fully controlling their vehicle, responding to the dynamic driving environment, and obeying the rules of the road and traffic laws (TRB, 2016). Medical fitness to drive is when fitness to drive is questioned due to a change or progression in a medical condition; this may lead to someone being a medically at-risk driver.

What term is described above?

A. Certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS)
B. Community mobility assessment
C. Comprehensive driving evaluation
D. Driving and community mobility
E. Driving risk assessment
F. Fitness to drive
G. On-demand transportation network systems
H. Transportation plan

A

F. Fitness to drive

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6
Q

A thorough evaluation in which a qualified and experienced professional assesses a client in driving knowledge, skills, and abilities.

What term is described above?

A. Certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS)
B. Community mobility assessment
C. Comprehensive driving evaluation
D. Driving and community mobility
E. Driving risk assessment
F. Fitness to drive
G. On-demand transportation network systems
H. Transportation plan

A

C. Comprehensive driving evaluation

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7
Q

Curb-to-curb transportation systems designed to meet individual needs (e.g., rideshare services, taxis). Many public transportation systems offer this service.

What term is described above?

A. Certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS)
B. Community mobility assessment
C. Comprehensive driving evaluation
D. Driving and community mobility
E. Driving risk assessment
F. Fitness to drive
G. On-demand transportation network systems
H. Transportation plan

A

G. On-demand transportation network systems

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8
Q

________________refers to planning and moving around in the community using public or private transportation, such as driving, walking, bicycling, or accessing and riding in buses, taxi cabs, ride shares, or other transportation systems.

What term is described above?

A. Certified driver rehabilitation specialist (CDRS)
B. Community mobility assessment
C. Comprehensive driving evaluation
D. Driving and community mobility
E. Driving risk assessment
F. Fitness to drive
G. On-demand transportation network systems
H. Transportation plan

A

D. Driving and community mobility

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9
Q

True or false: OTAs are not permitted to work with individuals in relation to community mobility and driving.

A

FALSE

The occupational therapist must be directly involved in the delivery of services during the initial evaluation, and regularly through the course of intervention planning, implementation, and review and outcome evaluation.

The occupational therapist delegates parts of the process to the occupational therapy assistant as appropriate.

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10
Q

What type of public transportation is described below?

Use defined routes with predetermined stops that run on a published schedule
Most typically offered in the form of bus, subway, train, and light rail services
Usually the most economical and predictable form of public transportation

A. Demand-responsive system
B. Fixed route system
C. Paratransit service

A

B. Fixed route system

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11
Q

What type of public transportation is described below?

Transportation alternatives operated by transit systems for clients who have functional impairments that limit their access to regular fixed-route services
Transportation is provided between a specific point of origin and specific destination requested by the traveler.
Rides are generated by calling the transit operator. There may be multiple passengers with different destinations in the same vehicle. Travels on a requested route as opposed to a fixed route but may require reservations and may or may not include physical assistance for the client.

A. Demand-responsive system
B. Fixed route system
C. Paratransit service

A

A. Demand-responsive system

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12
Q

What type of public transportation is described below?

most typically offered in the form of van, shuttle, or microbus services that pick up riders outside their home and take them to specific locations rather than requiring them to be at a centralized public stop. The ADA allows transit companies to determine whether curb-to-curb or door-to-door services are provided; most transit companies offer additional services. The activity demands are highest for curb-to-curb services.

A. Demand-responsive system
B. Fixed route system
C. Paratransit service

A

C. Paratransit service

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13
Q

Supplemental transportation programs are sponsored by private and nonprofit organizations, places of worship, government agencies, and some transit agencies.

Fill the gap in services for those who need more assistance than basic paratransit services, are unable to use existing transportation services, or desire more flexible travel options.

What are the two types available?

A

Door-through-door: Passengers may be assisted to exit their travel point of origin and to enter the building at their destination, as well as on and off the vehicle.
Arm-through-arm: Passengers may be physically assisted by drivers to board, disembark, and safely reach their destination (similar to door-through-door, but specifies physical assistance).

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13
Q

Commercial carrier (e.g., airline, train), Taxi service, Rideshare (Uber, Lyft), shuttle, and van service (small-vehicle fleet) are what type of community mobility?

A

Commercial transportation: services operated as for-profit enterprises for which people pay privately

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14
Q

Which policy and regulatory factor related to community mobility is described below?

Established accessibility guidelines for public transportation (e.g., wheelchair lifts in buses, wheelchair tiedowns in vehicles, wheelchair ramps or elevators around facilities). Included guidelines to provide for priority seating, handrails, public address systems to announce stops, stop-request controls, and clearly marked destination and route signs. Established a mandate for complementary paratransit services under Title II (Transportation)—Part B.

A

Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

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15
Q

CARD INCORRECT: go back to content to correct!!! 9/5

Which policy and regulatory factor related to community mobility is described below?

Established accessibility guidelines for public transportation (e.g., wheelchair lifts in buses, wheelchair tiedowns in vehicles, wheelchair ramps or elevators around facilities). Included guidelines to provide for priority seating, handrails, public address systems to announce stops, stop-request controls, and clearly marked destination and route signs. Established a mandate for complementary paratransit services under Title II (Transportation)—Part B.

A

The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFE Act)

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16
Q

What are some of the skill areas an OT must evaluate for and capacities for travel?

A

Cognitive skills: ability to consider transit options, read a schedule, figure out a route, calculate the time required to travel to a destination, determine the optimal departure time to arrive at the destination on time, remember which station to disembark at, and use the stop-request control at the appropriate time

Motor and praxis skills: ability to ambulate to and from the pickup location, step on and off the vehicle, maintain balance while walking in a moving vehicle, and maintain postural control while standing or sitting in a moving vehicle

Sensory–perceptual skills: ability to identify obstacles on a public vehicle and judge spatial relationships to identify seats, the stop-request control button, and the gap between the vehicle and the sidewalk or platform

Emotional regulation skills: ability to adjust to a crowded versus empty environment and to handle unexpected events.

Communication and social skills: ability to ask for directions and obtain information

Money management skills: have the correct fare ready, and use the change or ticket machines at the station; ability to download and use a rideshare app (including loading and maintaining payment).

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17
Q

In regard to community mobility, what are some context considerations an OT should incorporate into their evaluation?

A
  1. Performance must be considered in the context, feasibility, and mode of transportation and not solely based on diagnosis or age.
  2. Design of streets or community, accessibility of transit systems, topography of community
  3. Potential barriers (e.g., population density, socioeconomic status, housing).
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18
Q

The following are interventions directed for which mode of community mobility?

- Orientation to the local system
- Applying for paratransit services if appropriate
- Training in finding stops or making a reservation
- Scheduling and time management training
- Cushioning or positioning for potentially long trips
- Training in transferring from and securing a wheelchair or other mobility device as appropriate.

A. Personal transportation
B. Taxi and ride-sharing
C. Fixed route and paratransit

A

C. Fixed route and paratransit

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19
Q

The following are interventions directed for which mode of community mobility?

- Practicing using the computer or mobile phone app to make an appointment, set up payment, and track the progress of the vehicle
- Training in transferring from and securing a wheelchair or other mobility device as appropriate.

A. Personal transportation
B. Taxi and ride-sharing
C. Fixed route and paratransit

A

B. Taxi and ride-sharing

20
Q

The following are interventions directed for which mode of community mobility?

- Understanding and following rules of the road
- Ensuring safety (e.g., correctly using seatbelts, child seats)
- Ensuring appropriate endurance for walking or other physical demands.

A. Personal transportation
B. Taxi and ride-sharing
C. Fixed route and paratransit

A

A. Personal transportation

21
Q

The following are interventions directed toward which population for community mobility?

- Safe school bus transportation
- Education and support regarding vehicle restraints
- Parent and caregiver education regarding safe community mobility
- Passenger safety.

A. Older adults with dementia
B. Youth using wheelchairs
C. Youth with sensory processing disorder
D. Healthy and community-dwelling older adults
E. Older adults facing driving cessation
F. Parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

A

B. Youth using wheelchairs

22
Q

The following are interventions directed toward which population for community mobility?

- Education and resources regarding community mobility options
- Maintenance of driving fitness
- Personal safety during community mobility
- Age-related changes in function and intersection with community mobility.

A. Older adults with dementia
B. Youth using wheelchairs
C. Youth with sensory processing disorder
D. Healthy and community-dwelling older adults
E. Older adults facing driving cessation
F. Parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

A

D. Healthy and community-dwelling older adults

23
Q

The following are interventions directed toward which population for community mobility?

- Occupational analysis of the intersection between community mobility and sensory processing issues
- Education for transportation providers regarding SPD
- Parent and caregiver education and support
- Interventions to assist children with SPD to adapt to community mobility challenges.

A. Older adults with dementia
B. Youth using wheelchairs
C. Youth with sensory processing disorder
D. Healthy and community-dwelling older adults
E. Older adults facing driving cessation
F. Parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

A

C. Youth with sensory processing disorder

24
Q

The following are interventions directed toward which population for community mobility?

- Passenger safety education
- Education and resources regarding infant car seats.

A. Older adults with dementia
B. Youth using wheelchairs
C. Youth with sensory processing disorder
D. Healthy and community-dwelling older adults
E. Older adults facing driving cessation
F. Parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

A

F. Parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

25
Q

The following are interventions directed toward which population for community mobility?

- Driving cessation
- Education regarding community mobility alternatives
- Family and caregiver education and support regarding community mobility.

A. Older adults with dementia
B. Youth using wheelchairs
C. Youth with sensory processing disorder
D. Healthy and community-dwelling older adults
E. Older adults facing driving cessation
F. Parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

A

A. Older adults with dementia

26
Q

The following are interventions directed toward which population for community mobility?

- Community mobility alternatives: education, resources
- Psychosocial support
- Travel training.

A. Older adults with dementia
B. Youth using wheelchairs
C. Youth with sensory processing disorder
D. Healthy and community-dwelling older adults
E. Older adults facing driving cessation
F. Parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

A

E. Older adults facing driving cessation

27
Q

The Hierarchy of Driving Behavior (Michon, 1985) states that a driver must be fully competent in each of three levels of behavior:
______1______ occur before or during driving. They include general goal decisions (e.g., trip decisions) and can occur in minutes or hours.

______2______ are conscious decisions made while operating a vehicle (e.g., maneuvers or car handling) and can occur in seconds to minutes.

______3______ are primarily subconscious (e.g., stay in the lane) and occur in seconds.

A

1. Strategic behaviors
2. Tactical behaviors
3. Operational behaviors

Drivers not competent in all three behaviors may need to consider driving cessation.
Without viable alternatives, driving cessation can have a significant negative impact on employment, recreation and leisure pursuits, social connections, and quality of life. For many people driving represents freedom.

28
Q

Clients must be evaluated for eye-related diseases (e.g., macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetes retinopathy) and functional visual impairments (e.g., inability to see objects in driving environments leading to near misses, poor lane keeping, and inability to read road signs).

___________ is most commonly tested using a Snellen chart wall chart. Clients with best corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 should be referred to a vision specialist.

A

Acuity

29
Q

Clients must be evaluated for eye-related diseases (e.g., macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetes retinopathy) and functional visual impairments (e.g., inability to see objects in driving environments leading to near misses, poor lane keeping, and inability to read road signs).

___________ are the ability to fixate (ability to hold the eyes steady), produce saccades (ability to accurately change visual targets), and pursuits (ability of the eyes to follow moving targets). Drivers must be able to rapidly and smoothly focus on various stationary and moving objects.

A

Ocular motor skills

30
Q

Clients must be evaluated for eye-related diseases (e.g., macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetes retinopathy) and functional visual impairments (e.g., inability to see objects in driving environments leading to near misses, poor lane keeping, and inability to read road signs).

___________ is what the client can see to the side when looking straight ahead. A narrow visual field limits how much of the environment the person can see, which affects driving safety.

A

Visual field

31
Q

Clients must be evaluated for eye-related diseases (e.g., macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetes retinopathy) and functional visual impairments (e.g., inability to see objects in driving environments leading to near misses, poor lane keeping, and inability to read road signs).

___________ is how well the person can distinguish between different stimuli. Poor ___________ is especially prominent among people with cataracts and glaucoma, and it is especially dangerous when driving at night, in rain or fog, or in other conditions in which items in the environment aren’t sharply delineated.

A

Contrast sensitivity

32
Q

Clients must be evaluated for eye-related diseases (e.g., macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetes retinopathy) and functional visual impairments (e.g., inability to see objects in driving environments leading to near misses, poor lane keeping, and inability to read road signs).

Clients must be able to selectively see, evaluate, and respond to their surroundings while driving. They must be able to mentally “fill in the blanks” when part of the environment is occluded, such as when a sign is partially covered by a tree branch. They also need to know where they are relative to other drivers and other items in the environment including visual closure and visual spatial skills. These skills are categorized as ______________.

A

Visual perception

33
Q

Cognitive limitations related to driving skills may result in decreased ability to find the way, impaired road sign recognition, impaired dual-task driving, and distracted driving.

Compensation for minor deficits in any of the following areas may be possible, but significant impairments indicate that driving should cease and alternative transportation options should be used:
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______

A
  1. Attention
  2. Processing speed
  3. Memory
  4. Executive functions
34
Q

What are 4 motor skills required for functioning in community mobility?

A
  1. Strength
  2. Range of motion
  3. Endurance and balance
  4. Manual dexterity
35
Q

Which of the following common driving screenings is described below?

A paper-and-pencil assessment measuring cognitive flexibility, motor control, perceptual complexity, visual scanning, and executive function.

A. General assessment of driving-related skills
B. Driving Health Inventory
C. OT-DRIVE model
D. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, 4th Ed.
E. Clock Drawing Test
F. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
G. Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B
H. Useful Field of View

A

G. Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B

36
Q

Which of the following common driving screenings is described below?

An observational measure used to assess quality of performance in completing standardized ADL tasks.

A. General assessment of driving-related skills
B. Driving Health Inventory
C. OT-DRIVE model
D. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, 4th Ed.
E. Clock Drawing Test
F. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
G. Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B
H. Useful Field of View

A

F. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)

37
Q

Which of the following common driving screenings is described below?

A three-part computer-based cognitive assessment used to determine crash risk. It assesses (1) central vision loss and cognitive processing speed, (2) divided attention, and (3) selective attention. Results categorize clients are categorized according to a 5-point crash risk rating scale.

A. General assessment of driving-related skills
B. Driving Health Inventory
C. OT-DRIVE model
D. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, 4th Ed.
E. Clock Drawing Test
F. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
G. Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B
H. Useful Field of View

A

H. Useful Field of View

38
Q

Which of the following common driving screenings is described below?

The client is asked to draw the face of a clock set to a specific time. This test may detect difficulties with visuospatial skills, visual perception, selective attention, memory, abstract thinking, and executive functioning.

A. General assessment of driving-related skills
B. Driving Health Inventory
C. OT-DRIVE model
D. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, 4th Ed.
E. Clock Drawing Test
F. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
G. Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B
H. Useful Field of View

A

E. Clock Drawing Test

39
Q

Which of the following common driving screenings is described below?

Assesses a person’s visual–perceptual ability in the domains of spatial relationships, visual closure, visual discrimination, visual memory, and figure ground. No motor involvement is needed to make a response.

A. General assessment of driving-related skills
B. Driving Health Inventory
C. OT-DRIVE model
D. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, 4th Ed.
E. Clock Drawing Test
F. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
G. Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B
H. Useful Field of View

A

D. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, 4th Ed.

40
Q

Which of the following common driving screenings is described below?

A model presenting a spectrum of decision indicators for driving and community mobility. Risk determination is based on evidence and clinical judgment.

A. General assessment of driving-related skills
B. Driving Health Inventory
C. OT-DRIVE model
D. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, 4th Ed.
E. Clock Drawing Test
F. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
G. Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B
H. Useful Field of View

A

C. OT-DRIVE model

41
Q

Which of the following common driving screenings is described below?

A computer-based battery that assesses the domains of vision, cognition, and motor function as they pertain to increased crash risk.

A. General assessment of driving-related skills
B. Driving Health Inventory
C. OT-DRIVE model
D. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, 4th Ed.
E. Clock Drawing Test
F. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
G. Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B
H. Useful Field of View

A

B. Driving Health Inventory

42
Q

Which of the following common driving screenings is described below?

The free Clinician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers (4th ed.) was developed by a comprehensive board of medical, government, and consumer-related professionals from across the field of driving and driving safety. The document includes screenings and assessments, clinical interventions, ethical and legal issues of driving, state licensing and reporting laws, and medical conditions.

A. General assessment of driving-related skills
B. Driving Health Inventory
C. OT-DRIVE model
D. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, 4th Ed.
E. Clock Drawing Test
F. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
G. Trail-Making Test, Parts A and B
H. Useful Field of View

A

A. General assessment of driving-related skills

43
Q

The _______________ (assessment) is a means of assessing the readiness of older adults to make transitions regarding their mobility, such as driving cessation.

A

Assessment of Readiness for Mobility Transitions (ARMT)

44
Q

The ______________ (self-report measure) instrument captures information about avoidance behaviors that are often identified as compensatory strategies in older drivers.

A

Driving Habits Questionnaire

45
Q

The ______________ (self-report measure) is a short-form 21-item measure enabling occupational therapy practitioners and family members, caregivers, and significant others to screen at-risk older drivers.

A

Fitness-to-Drive Screening Measure

46
Q

True or false: Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants without specialty credentials in driver rehabilitation cannot evaluate and intervene regarding general community mobility issues and refer clients to certified driver rehabilitation specialists as indicated.

A

FALSE

Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants without specialty credentials in driver rehabilitation CAN evaluate and intervene regarding general community mobility issues and refer clients to certified driver rehabilitation specialists as indicated.

Can also refer drivers to CarFit: educational program developed by AAA, AARP, and AOTA to ensure the proper fit and use of one’s vehicle to enhance performance and safety. https://car-fit.org/.

47
Q

The following community mobility compensatory interventions are classified as…

HandyBar® (Stander, Logan, Utah) provides added stability for entering or exiting a vehicle.
A leg lifter assists in positioning the legs in and out of the vehicle.
Manual and power seat lifts are options for ensuring successful transfers into and out of the vehicle.
Wheelchair lifts or ramps to travel from the street to the vehicle.

A

Assistive technology / Adaptive equipment (compensatory equipment)