Community Medicine Flashcards
Epidemiology is the study of_____,_____,&_____ of health related states and events in a defined population the _______ of this study to the control of health problems
Distribution
Dynamic
Determinants
Application
Distribution includes a description of the disease frequency by?
Person, time and place
The interaction between different factors in transmission of a disease is
Dynamics of a disease
Risk factors or the factors that determine the probability of occurrence of a disease is also called
Determinants of the disease
Infection is:
The entry and multiplication of an infectious agent
Endemic is
a constant presence of a disease in a given area or population
The occurrence of a disease in the community in excess number of cases more than expected to this specified location and during the specified period of time during the past years is
Epidemic
The occurrence of one case of a completely and globally, eradicated disease should drink the bell for the beginning of an?
Epidemic
When the epidemic occurs in a small confined area, for example, school, camp or hospital, we call this
An Outbreak (a localized epidemic)
An epidemic affecting more than one country or a wide geographical area or region is called
A pandemic
Mention the components of the epidemiologic triad
agent
host
environment
For a disease to occur, a harmful agent should come into contact with a susceptible host under specified environmental condition. This is known as.
The epidemiologic triad
What is the difference between risk attributes and social traits?
Risk attributes are non-modifiable host factors
social traits are the modifiable host factors
Give a an example for each of a physical biological and sociocultural environmental factors
Physical: climate, pollution, residency
Biological: vectors such as mosquitoes
Socio-cultural: overcrowding, poverty, dietary habits
What is the role of community medicine in the stage of positive health?
Primary preventative measures such as health, promotion, counseling, and care of special groups
What is the role of community medicine in the stage of susceptibility?
Its role is primary preventative measures such as risk assessment, preventative measures, and susceptibility detection
What are the stages in the natural history of diseases?
Stage of positive health
Stage of susceptibility
Stage of pre-pathogenesis and subclinical
Stage of manifest disease, clinical disease
Stage of disability
Stage of death
What is the role of community medicine in the stage of manifest disease?
Its role is secondary preventative, measures such as control, epidemiology, registry, and disease burden
What is the role of community medicine in the stage of disability?
It is a tertiary preventative measures, such as disability evaluation, assessment of burden and rehabitation
Mention the role of community medicine in the stage of death
Registry, mortality rates, and economic impact
What is the stage of susceptibility?
The stage at which the disease has not developed, but the presence of risk factors favours it’s occurrence
What is the stage of pre pathogenesis?
The stage at which disease process has begun, but there are no detectible signs or symptom
E.g atherosclerosis happening before any sign of the disease appear
The practice of preventative medicine include includes:
- prevent the occurrence of the disease
- Health promotion
- Restore health impairment and minimize suffering
Examples of incubatory carriers
Mumps
Poliomyelitis
Hepatitis B
