Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Flashcards > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs in Hypertensive crisis

A

1.Glyceryl trinitrate: 0.6 - 1.2 mg/hr infusion
2.Sodium nitroprusside: 0.3-10 ug/kg/min infusion
3.Hydralazine: 1.5-5 ug/kg/min infusion
4.Labetolol: 20mg/m max 200-300mg infusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Goal of hypertensive crisis

A

Reduce BP within 24-36 hrs to 150/90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Goal for hypertensive emergency and define

A

BP >200/120 with TOD

Reduce BP by 20-25% within 1-2hrs using IV agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Goal of hypertensive urgency and define

A

Reduce BP within 24-48hrs usually using oral drugs

BP >200/120 with no TOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Heart failure treatment

A
  1. Bed rest: renal perfusion and diuresis
  2. Salt and fluid restriction
  3. Diuretics
  4. ACE-I (vasodilators)
  5. BB (start low and go slow)
  6. Digitalis
  7. Potent inotropic (dopamine, dobutamine, PDE-I amrinone)
  8. CRT
  9. Treat precipitating factors
  10. Treat complications (arrhythmias/ thrombosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Digitalis indication

A

Chronic heart failure on left systolic dysfuntion
Showing signs and symptoms while receiving standard therapy or AF pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PCWP at 20 and 25mmHg?

A

@20= Interstitial edema (kerly B lines on CXR)
@25= alveolar edema (bat’s wing on CXR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of AHF

A
  1. Acute LVF - infraction/ myocarditis
  2. MS and aggravating factors as AF
  3. Acute MR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Frothy pink sputum

A

Pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of high COP failure

A
  1. Wet beriberi
  2. Chronic severe anemia
  3. Thyroxtoxicosis
  4. Pregnancy
  5. AV fistula
  6. AR and MR
  7. Paget’s ds of bone

Note: increased tissue demand with semi diseased heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Managment of acute LHF

A
  1. Bed rest, oxygenation and hospitalization
  2. Frusemide 40-80mg IV max 200mg
  3. Morphone 2-5mg/IV with metaclopramide 10mg/IV
  4. Venous venodilators: nitroglycerin 5-10ug/m
  5. Na Nitropruside max 20-30ug/min if HTN not less than 100mmhg Bp
  6. Dobutamine or dopamine
  7. IV digitalis if AF
  8. Aminophylline 5mg/kg IV infusion over 10min
  9. Tracheobronchial aspiration
  10. Ultrafiltration, rotating tourniquets, intra aortic balloon
  11. Treat precipitating factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NYHA classification system of the heart failure symptoms

A

Class 1: no limitation of ordinary physical activity
Class 2: slight limitation with ordinary physical activity
Class 3: marked limitation less than ordinary activity lead to marked symptoms
Class 4: symptoms present at rest; cant carry out any physical activity without discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Angina equivalent

A

Myocardial ischemia not presenting with anginal pain but with dyspnea, fatigue, faintness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Angina never to be

A
  1. Localized
  2. Stitching or throbbing
  3. <30sec or >30min (except unstable angina)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anginal pain precipitated by

A
  1. Cold
  2. Exertion
  3. Heavy meal
  4. Vivid dreams (nocturnal angina)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Angina signs

A

S4
MR murmur
Xanthelasma or signs of anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Digoxin tox ECG

A

Sagging ST segment
Bigeminy
Ventricular tachy
Heart block
Extrasystoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

First symptom of digitalis tox

A

Anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment of digitalis tox

A

Stop drug
Give K
Digitalis Ab
Stop diuretics
Treat arrhythmias
Hemoperfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Coronary angiography

A

Diagnostic and theraputic
Stenosis > 70% significant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cardiac scan

A

Assess coronary perfusion using thalium or technitium IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Echocardiography in angina investigation

A

For ventirular function EF and wall motion abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which vessels used in CABG

A
  1. Saphenous v.: right coronary and LCX
  2. Left Internal mammary artery : left main and LAD
  3. Right internal mammary artery: right CA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

BB contraindicated in?

A

Prinzmetal angina
Bronchial asthma
DM
Peripheral artery ds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Good drug combination for IHD
BB + Nitrates BB + amlodipine Verapamil + nitrate Deltiazem + nitrate
26
Verapamil contraindicated
HF
27
IHD bad drug combo
Nifedipine and nitrates Verapamil and BB
28
Nemodipine
CCB used in subarachnoid hemorrhage 30mg tab1-2times per day
29
Verapamil side effects
Gingival hyperplasia Constipation HF Heart block
30
Intractable angina
Transmyocardial laser revascularization TMR
31
Non cardiovascular BB uses
Thyrotoxicosis Migraine Glaucoma (timolol) Familial tremor Parkinsonism Anxiety Portal hypertension
32
Cardiovascular BB uses
Angina Arrhythmias HTN MVP Cyanotic spells
33
BB side effects
Bronchospasm HF Heart block Depression Fatigue Nightmares Impotence Sudden withdrawal : angina
34
Types of MI
Transmural MI (with superimposed thrombus) Subendocardial MI (without superimposed thrombus- ppt by hypoxia or hypotension)
35
Causes of painless infarction
Diabetic neuropathy Infarction in comatose Infarction during anesthesia Infarction with pulmonary edema Elderly Transplanted heart (denervated)
36
Contra indications of anticoagulants
Pericarditis after MI may lead to hemoperocardium
37
Down syndrome CVS
CAVC ASD VSD
38
Rubella on heart
PDA PS ASD
39
Most common congenital heart ds
VSD
40
Pulmonary plethora
Increase of blood flow in the p. Arteries due to ASD VSD or so
41
Pulmonary congestion
Increase of pressure in the pulmonary veins due to left side problem mostly
42
Most common congenital cyanotic heart ds
Tetralogy of fallot
43
Types of aortic dissection
Stanford Type A 75% ( DeBakey 1(60%) and DeBakey 2 (10-15%) Stanford Type B 25% (DeBekey 3: 25-30%)
44
Most common type of aortic dissection
Standford type A - DeBekey 1 / proximal type
45
Causes/ risk factors of aortic dissection
HTN (most common cause Atherosclerosis: causing intimal ulcer Connective tissue ds (marfan and ehler danlos Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation of aorta and aneurysm Obestity, Smoking, Hypercholestrolemia 3rd trimester Pregnancy High intensity weightlifting Trauma
46
Complications of Aortic dissection
1. Aortic rupture and internal bleeding 2. AR 3. Unequal UL pressure /pulse 4. Ischemic manifestation: - stroke, dizziness, syncope - acute MI - renal failure - paraplegia -mesenteric occlusion
47
Differential diagnosis of chest pain and shock
1. Extensive MI 2. Massive pulmonary emblosim 3. Tension oneumothorax 4. Cardiac tamponade 5. Aortic dissection
48
Gold standard investigation for Aortic dissection
CT aortography CT/MRI usually when pt is stable
49
When to use TEE in aoric dissection
Pt very unstable/ CT & MRI contraindicated
50
CXR of aortic disection
Loss of aortic knob Wide mediastinum Pleural effusion?
51
Fatal medication with aortic disection
Thrombolytic therapy when thinking its MI
52
Treatment of aortic dissection
Type A: Emergency Open heart surgery Type B: Complicated: TEVAR (thoracic endovascular aortic repair) / EVAR Uncomplicated: medical conservative therapy
53
Conservative therapy for aortic dissection
In acute/chronic Type B can be treated by these if uncomplicated: 1. IV BB (esmolol) Lower BP <120 and HR 60 2. Morphine for pain relief 3. CCB if BB is contraindicated (diltiazam) 4. CVD risk modification 5. Close survelliance with imaging
54
Aortic disection investigation
Stable pt: CT/MRI Unstable pt: bedside echo w/wo TEE
55
First thing to do in managment of A disection
Lower blood pressure
56
What do you see on JVP curve in complete heart block? Why?
Cannon a wave due to atria and ventricles contracting together sometimes causing atrial contraction against closed valves
57
Gaint a wave
Irregular cannon wave : atrio-ventricular dissociation (complete heart block) Regular cannon wave: junction rhythm such as ventricular and supraventricular tachy
58
CV wave fusion on jvp
Large systolic wave due to TR
59
Prominent a wave
Delayed or restricted right ventricular filling, example, pulmonary hypertension, or tricuspid stenosis
60
Kussmal’s sign
Paradoxical rise of JVP on inspiration seen in : pericardial construction tamponade Severe right ventricular failure restrictive cardiomyopathy
61
Retinal changes due to HTN
Arteriovenous nicking Cotton wool spots Hemorrhages Exudates Papilledema
62
Arteriovenous nicking
Discontinuity in the veins secondary to thickened arterial wall
63
Cotton wall spots
Infarction of nerve fiber layer in the retina
64
Incases of calcific stones ttt is best done by
Laser and not external

Clinical Flashcards (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions