Community - Intro & HP Flashcards
Four concepts of community (GARP)
Geography
Affiliation
Resources
Relationships (Power)
CoH - adaptation and harmony
Lay
CoH - absence of disease
Medical
CoH - multidimensional & holistic
Nursing
CoH - A state of enough physical, mental…
WHO
CoH - Psychology, sociology, psychiatry
Academic
WHO Definition of health?
A state of enough (3 well being) to enable people to (2) in the (2 &) of the _____________ in which they live.
State of enough mental, physical & social well-being to enable people to actively participate and work productively in the social & economic life of the community in which they live
_____ is a broad manifestation of wellness of body, mind, and environment and is viewed as an essential resource for everyday living.
Health
Key to all community practice?
Doing with, not to or for
The aim of health promotion is…
The achievement of health for all
The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. Health is therefore seen as a resource for everyday life, not just the objective.
Health Promotion WHO - 1986
Health promotion involves the entire…
Population in context of their everyday life
Health promotion is directed toward…
Action on determinants ofhealth
Health promotion combines…
Diverse, complementary approaches
Health promotion aims particularly at…
Effective and concrete public participation
Health promotion recognizes that these people have an important role.
Health Professionals - primary health care
Mandala - centres on, and is encircled by
Individual/Family
Culture
4 outer circles of Mandala? PPPH
Personal Behaviour
Psych-social Environment
Physical Environment
Human Biology
The 4 quadrants of the Mandala? MCBH
Medical Care System
Community & Lifestyle
Biosphere
Human Made Environment
Three major issues that still persist regarding health promotion? (DPL)
Disadvantaged groups
Persistent preventable illness
Lacking community support 4 chronically ill
To achieve the goal of “health for all,” ways must be found to overcome three challenges: (DIE)
Decrease Inequality
Increase prevention effort
Enhance peoples ability to cope with illness
Three mechanisms intrinsic to health promotion are
Self Care
Mutual Aid
Healthy Environments
Refers to the decisions made and the behaviours practised by an individual specifically for the preservation of health; encouraging this means encouraging healthy choices.
Self-Care
Refers to people’s efforts to work together to deal with concerns; it implies people helping each other; supporting each other emotionally; and sharing ideas, information, and experiences.
Mutual Aid
Strong evidence indicates that people who have social support are healthier than those who do not; social support enables people to live interdependently within a ________ _________while still retaining their independence
Healthy Environments
The three ways we canThe three leading strategies by which we can act in response to the HP challenges are: (FSC)
Fostering Public Participation
Strengthening community services
Coordinating healthy public policy
This means helping people take part in decisions that influence or control factors that affect health
Public Participation
A health promotion and disease/injury prevention orientation means that community services will need to focus more on…
Dealing with major health issues identified
This report offered a New Perspective on the Health of Canadians, Moving from a disease focus to a focus on health.
Lalonde
Following the Lalonde Report, onus became on the people which led to…
Patient Blaming
The Lalonde report also stated that health is tied to..
Conditions of Living - Environment
This declaration moved from whether people followed rules to primary health care
Alma Ata - 1978
…is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination
Primary Health Care
Five principles in which ‘health for all’ must be based (Alma Ata) epair
Equitable access to health and health services, Public participation,
Appropriate technology,
Intersectoral collaboration, and
Reorientation of the health system to promotion of health and prevention of disease and injury
Eight elements of PHC Alma Ata
E Pami Pap
Education for identification/prevention of problems Proper food & nutrition Adequate water & sanitation Maternal/child care Immunization and CDC Prevention of local endemics Appropriate treatment of disease/injury Provision of essential drugs
In every community that faces the challenge of homelessness, formal and informal agencies work with tireless volunteers to deliver these services in ways that respect the principles of Alma-Ata by ensuring that health & services are:
Geographically, financially, and culturally within reach of people living poverty, ethnic and cultural minorities, rural residents, stigmatized populations, and men and women across the life span
PHC is based on (4)
Essential health care
Practical, scientific & socially sound methods/tech
Affordable
Geared toward self-reliance & self-determination
“the science and art of promoting health, preventing disease, prolonging life and improving quality of life through the organized efforts of society”
Public Health
Gains in Health Status were by (1) advances in knowledge about the causes of disease, (2) development of new technologies and pharmaceuticals to treat and cure many diseases, (3) creation of vaccines and environmental solutions to prevent disease transmission and acquisition, and (4) innovations in surveillance techniques to measure health status.
Advances in knowledge of cause of disease
New drugs/technologies
Vaccines
Surveillance - monitoring health status
