Community Health Flashcards
What is public health ?
focuses on the entire population
- health promotion and disease prevention
- Ex.) everyone in IN or the US, Indiana State Department of Health
What is community health ?
focuses on a specific group of people
- health promotion in a specific geographic area
- Ex.) IUI with it’s students
What is population health ?
focuses on the needs of a specific group of people
What is community ?
collective group in same geographical location
- may share culture, religion, ethnicity, health issues, or socioeconomic circumstances
- client is the community or population, not the individual
What is the health belief model ?
internal motivation for improving health
What is Upstream/Downstream thinking ?
- Downstream: current problems, narrow focus (short term solutions)
- Upstream: focus on larger social issues (long term solutions)
- Upstream Ex.) affordable housing & government funded health insurance
What does a population health nurse do ?
- assist pt’s in managing health conditions in community
- connect pt’s to community resources
- coordinate care across health care spectrum
- create health initiatives that target specific populations
- Goal: overall improvement in quality of life
What does a community health nurse do ?
- address social determinants of health
- Goal: decrease health inequities
- Practice settings: schools, workplaces, churches, correctional facilities, home health
What are the core functions of public health ?
- Assessment: gathering/analyzing health data
- Policy Development: collab with lawmakers, development of public health policies
- Assurance: improve accessibility and delivery of services
What is the healthy people 2030 ?
broad national goals for public health
- influence public health policy
- re-evaluated every 10 years
What are the social determinants of health ?
external factors that influence health
- economic stability
- access to and quality of education
- access to and quality of health care
- neighborhood/built environment
- social and community context
What is primary prevention ?
targets healthy individual/communities
- Goal: prevention of illness
- Ex.) hand hygiene, education, immunizations
What is secondary prevention ?
targets those “at risk” for illness
- Goal: early detection/treatment
- Ex.) BP screening, STD testing,
What is tertiary prevention ?
targets individuals with health conditions
- Goal: minimize complications and maximize health
- Ex.) rehabilitation, long term social support, home health services, education on disease management
What is a community gatekeeper ?
anyone with impact on community programs
- paid employees, volunteers, etc
- programs should include gatekeeper of all levels
What are some nursing advocacy that happens in community health ?
supporting a cause, idea, or policy for someone else
Ex.)
- providing education so pt can make informed decisions
- speaking for pt when they are unable to do so
- providing community resources to pt
- requestion appropriate PPE in workplace
What is a community health assessment ?
identifies community needs and priorities
- primary and secondary data collected
- begins with an assessment of community strengths
What are examples of primary data ?
windshield surveys, interviews, direct observation
- data you yourself collected
What are examples of secondary data ?
census data, statistics, rankings
- data someone else collected that you are accessing
What is an ecological model ?
recognized that the same environment may have different impacts on individuals
What is a windshield survey ?
systematic observations (collecting data) about the community by driving through the area to assess people and the environment
What is a built environment assessment tool manual ?
provides guideline for assessing built environment
- home, schools, workplaces
What are some core features of a built environment assessment tool manual ?
- infrastructure: roads, intersections, public transit
- walkability: paths, sidewalks
- bikeability: bike lanes,
- recreational sites: playgrounds, green spaces
- food: grocery stores, farmer’s markets
How do you evaluate community programs ?
- performance measurement: collecting data to measure performance & considers predetermined goals and if they are met
- program evaluation: looks at program as a whole & examines effectiveness of program outcomes
What are impact reports ?
- communication of program evaluation
- dissemination of information to the community
- shared through variety of mediums (social media, radio, etc)
