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Board Review > Community Dental Health > Flashcards

Community Dental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Dental Practice Vs. Community Dental Health.

A 
EvaluationSurvey
DiagnosisAnalysis
Treatment PlanningProgram Planning
TreatmentProgram Operation
PaymentFinance
EvaluationEvaluation/appraisal
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2
Q

Focuses on health problems of international status.

A

World Health Organization.

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3
Q

Focus on health problems of national population.

A

Federal.

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4
Q

Focus on health problems of state populations; consult with local health departments.

A

State.

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5
Q

Focus on health problems of local population (county/city).

A

Local.

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6
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

Provides general understanding for critically interpreting new information in literature.

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7
Q

What is an endemic?

A

Disease that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course.

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8
Q

An unexpectedly large number of cases of disease in a particular time and place.

A

Epidemic

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9
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

Outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as a continent.

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10
Q

Number of live births

A

Natality

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11
Q

Rate of an illness in a population.

A

Morbidity

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12
Q

number of deaths in a population.

A

Mortality

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13
Q

number of new cases in a population at risk during a particular period of time.

A

Incidence

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14
Q

Number of new and old cases of a disease in a population in a given period of time.

A

Prevalence

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15
Q

Incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak.

A

Attack

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16
Q

Descriptive Studies

A

describes an epidemic with respect to person, place, and time. Who, Where, When.

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17
Q

Aimed at testing hypotheses?

A

Analytical Studies

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18
Q

Retrospective Study (case control study)

A

seeks to compare those diagnosed w/a disease with those who do not have.

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19
Q

A cohort is classified by exposure to one or more specific risk factors observed into the future to determine the rate at which the disease develops.

A

Prospective study.

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20
Q

Longitudinal study

A

group is observed over a long period of time.

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21
Q

Group has the experimental treatment (intervention) withheld; receive a placebo.

A

Control groups.

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22
Q

Treatment Groups

A

group that receives the experimental treatment.

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23
Q

Researcher remains uninformed and unaware of the identities of treatment and control group members to prevent bias.

A

Blindness

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24
Q

Double Blindness

A

neither the researcher nor the subjects know whois receiving treatment.

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25
Q

What indices can be reversed?

A

Gingivitis indices.

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26
Q

What indices are irreversible?

A

Caries and periodontal indices.

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27
Q

DMFT/DMFS

A

Decayed, Mising, Filled teeth or Decayed, Missing, Filled Surfaces. Irreversible and involves permanent teeth.

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28
Q

deft

A

decayed, need for extraction, filled teeth. Irreversible and measures caries in primary teeth.

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29
Q

dft/dfs

A

decayed filled teeth/decayed, filled, surfaces.

30
Q

RCI

A

Root Caries Index. Irreversible. Assess the extent of root caries within the context of individuals at risk for the disease.

31
Q

GI

A

Gingival Index. Reversible and based on inflammation and location.

32
Q

SBI

A

Sulcular Bleeding Index. Reversible.

33
Q

PDI

A

Periodontal Disease Index. Irreversible and Reversible. Measures prevalence and severity of periodontal disease.

34
Q

PI

A

Periodontal Index. Irreversible. Developed by Russel. Each tooth scored according to condition of surrounding tissue and does NOT measure attachment loss.

35
Q

Process by which the planner identifies and measures gaps between what is and what ought to be. Analyses and understand the target population.

A

Needs Assessment

36
Q

Reasons for Needs Assessment.

A

defines the extent and severity if problem, identifies causes of problem, and collects baseline data.

37
Q

Ways to collect a needs assessment?

A

Direct observation, interview, questionaire, survey (best choice for large groups), epidemiological surveys, records, documents, and charts.

38
Q

Type I Examination Method

A

Complete exam.

39
Q

Type II Examination Method

A

includes mouth mirror, explorer, lighting, and limited radiographs.

40
Q

Examination using mouth mirror and lighting ONLY.

A

Type III Examination Method.

41
Q

Examination with tongue depressor and lighting ONLY.

A

Type IV Examination Method.

42
Q

Health insurance for elderly and disabled.

A

Medicare

43
Q

Health insurance for the poor.

A

Medicaid

44
Q

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. Offers insurance to workers when they no longer work.

A

COBRA

45
Q

Block Grants

A

Lump sum of money given to group to use at their discretion.

46
Q

Specifies where monies are to be used.

A

Line item grant.

47
Q

Formal Delivery

A

Active; lecture, demonstration, and discussion.

48
Q

Informal Delivery

A

Passive; Brochures, pamphlets, etc.

49
Q

Stages of the Learning Ladder.

A

Unawareness-learner has incomplete/inaccurate info.
Awareness-correct info is obtained but lacks personal meaning.
Self-interest-learner personalizes info.
Involvement-learner motivated to act.
Action-learner tests new concepts.
Habit- learner begins to experience gratification and self-satisfaction.

50
Q

Must be continuous from the beginning of the program.

A

Evaluation

51
Q

Summative Evaluation

A

outcome evaluation; measures impact of program.

52
Q

Formative Evaluation

A

Conducted during the program.

53
Q

Outcome of interest; should change in response to intervention.

A

Dependent Variable.

54
Q

The intervention; what is being manipulated.

A

Independent Variable.

55
Q

Data Matrix

A

Arranges data scores from lowest to highest measures utilizing the statistics supplied above.

56
Q

Measures how often each score occurs.

A

Frequency of Distribution.

57
Q

Frequency of distribution is plotted on an x-y graph resulting in a pictorial representation of the data.

A

Measures of Central Tendency.

58
Q

When data is plotted using a normal curve, what is all equal?

A

Mean, median, and Mode.

59
Q

Most commonly used method of dispersion in oral hygiene research and reflects the range within the data matrix.

A

Standard Deviation; represents the square root of the sample variance.

60
Q

Positive Skew

A

When more scores fall in the lower range, the curve will have a positive skew. “Tail” goes to the right.

61
Q

When more scores fall in the higher range, the curve will have a negative skew. “Tail” goes to the left.

A

Negative Skew

62
Q

Validity

A

Degree that a study measures the variable it is designed to measure.

63
Q

Reliability

A

The extent to which the method of measurement performs consistently.

64
Q

T-test

A

Statistical hypothesis test used when comparing the statistical difference between TWO mean scores.

65
Q

P-value

A

Probability value. Used when testing hypothesis, refers to the probability that a condition would happen by chance, a p-value of greater than 0.05 will negatively affect study results.

66
Q

Direct association between two variables.

A

Positive correlation

67
Q

The score on one scale predicts an opposite score on the other scale.

A

Negative correlation

68
Q

Primary Services

A

Preventative therapies: mechanical plaque removal, dietary restriction of sucrose, and fluoride treatments.

69
Q

Restore tissues to as normal as possible: Periodontal debridement and restorations.

A

Secondary Services

70
Q

Tertiary Services

A

Replacing lost tissues: Implants, bridges, and dentures.

Board Review (11 decks)

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