Community and Public Health Nursing Flashcards
gains in the health of populations have been related largely to changes in safety, sanitation, and personal behavior. T or F
True
what is community health nursing
nursing practice in the community, with the primary focus on health of individuals, families, and groups in the community.
what is the goal of community health nursing
preserve, protect, promote and maintain health
what is public health
what society does to assure healthy conditions for people
what it the aim of public health
generate a community effort to address public interest in health by applying scientific/technical knowledge to prevent disease/disability
what is community/public health nursing
a synthesis of nursing and public health practice
characteristics of community/public health nursing
population focused
community oriented
health and prevention focus
interventions at the community/population level
concern for health of all members of a population
what is a population/aggregate
Collection of individuals with 1 or more characteristics in common
Members of a community defined by geography
Members of a community defined by a special interest
what is population focused practice
Problems and solutions implemented for a population opposed to interventions at the individual level
why population focused practice
concerns about care (access, insurance coverage, quality of service, costs)
goals for protecting health, promoting health and preventing disease/disability
who was Florence nightingale
1st school for nurses
crimean war 1854-56
“cheaper to promote health than maintain people in sickness”
community health nursing principles developed
“district nursing” established with William Rathbone
who was lillian wald
founded henry street settlement and “public health nursing”
originated family focused nursing
stressed health teaching to promote health/prevent disease
1902 established school of nursing in US
Founder of nat’l organization for public health nursing
who was mary breckenridge
founder of frontier nursing service in Kentucky
nurse midwifery services, built a hospital, established clinics
concepts in community/public health nursing
community as client
community as a partner
educational requirements for public health nursing
Baccalaureate - practice
Masters - specialty
what is home health nursing
nursing in a persons place of residence
types of home health agencies
official, voluntary private, hospital based, combination and proprietary
inter-professional approach
interdisciplinary collaboration is mandated for medicare certified home health agency - MUST BE DOCUMENTED
scope of practice for home health nursing
health promotion and disease prevention
episodic/intermittent care
short and long-term goals
practice fxns of home health nurse
Direct care - physical aspect of care (assess, wound) - care MUST BE SKILLED for medicare reimbursement
Indirect care - activities done by a nurse to improve/coordinate care (consult, refer)
standards of community health nursing is developed by
ANA - uses nursing process as a framework for client care
responsibilities of disciplines
physician - certifies there is a medical problem, reviewed every 62 days
PT - maintain, prevent, restore trt
OT - educate to develop/maintain ADL
Speech - eat/swallow; speech/language
Social Worker - community resources, equipment, crisis intervention
role of home health aide
personal hygiene
light housekeeping
who supervises home health aide
nurse or PT; supervision req’d every 2 weeks
quality control r/t home care
Documentation of nursing care demonstrating client need for services, shows multiple disciplinary approach
who accredits home care agencies
JCAHO - 1988
CHAP - 1965 community health accreditation program
HCFA - health care financing admin. - oversees medicare
regulation for home health is done at the
state level
reimbursement for home health care provided by
medicare/medicaid
to qualify for medicare you must be
65 or older permanently disabled under care of MD confined to home (homebound) in need of SKILLED service on an intermittent basis that is medically necessary
what does medicare emphasize
Episodic/skilled care NOT PREVENTION
HCFA serves as the plan of care - certifies pt is home-bound, under medical care, and in need of home-care services
future/current trends of healthcare
Technology
Access to Care
Pediatric/Maternal Care
10 health achievements in the US
Vaccines Safer Workplaces Decreased CAD/Stroke Deaths Tobacco recognized as health hazard Healthy Mom/Baby Motor Vehicle Safety Family Planning Safe/Healthy Foods Fluoride in water Infectious Disease Control
5 factors impacting health care delivery and nursing practice globally, nationally and locally
patient vs consumer litigious society technology transportation insurance
