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Special Education PECT > Communication, Blindness, Deafness > Flashcards

Communication, Blindness, Deafness Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 examples of refractive errors (eyesight) ?

A

Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

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2
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy?

A

The leading cause of blindness for ages 20-64 which causes hemorrhages and new blood vessels near the retina.

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3
Q

What are cortical visual impairments?

A

Suspected damage to parts of the brain that interpret visual information

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4
Q

What is myopia?

A

When one’s eye is larger than normal front to back making them near-sighted

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5
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

When one’s eye is shorter than normal making them far-sighted

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6
Q

What is an astigmatism?

A

When one has a combination of hyperopia and myopia causing them a visual impairment

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7
Q

Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, when you are “functionally blind” it means what?

A

It means that one can learns primarily through their auditory and tactile senses.

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8
Q

What is a refractive error with sight?

A

When the shape of the eyeball is irregular

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9
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

When the central area of the retina gradually deteriorates and the person loses their central field of vision.

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10
Q

What is retinitis pigmentosa?

A

Gradual degeneration of the retina whose first symptom is difficulty seeing at night.

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11
Q

What is visual acuity?

A

How clearly one is able to see things

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12
Q

What does it mean if a person has a structural impairment in their eye called glaucoma?

A

It means that the person has high pressure in their eye that is negatively affecting their vision

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13
Q

What is retinopathy or premature blindness?

A

When babies are born premature and put into incubators with high levels of oxygen, and then taken out of the incubators, the change in oxygen levels produces dense growth of blood vessels that may lead to blindness.

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14
Q

What is phonation?

A

The production of sound by a muscle contraction in one’s larynx.

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15
Q

What is resonation?

A

The sound quality shaped by one’s throat

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16
Q

What is articulation?

A

The forming of recognizable speech by the mouth.

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17
Q

What is respiration?

A

The ability to breath with power

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18
Q

What are the four steps to speech?

A

(RAPR) Respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation

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19
Q

What are pragmatics?

A

The rules for communication such as taking turns talking.

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20
Q

What are semantics?

A

The rules for the meaning of words.

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21
Q

What is syntax?

A

The rules for a languages grammar for example the order of the words.

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22
Q

What is morphology?

A

Rules for the meaning of sounds.

23
Q

What is phonology?

A

How sounds in a word can be sequenced

24
Q

Name the 5 dimensions to LANGUAGE.

A

(PRETTY PLEASE SAVE MY SISTER) Morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics

25
Q

Under IDEA, when one is “totally blind” it means what?

A

That the person receives no useful information through their sight.

26
Q

What are the three levels of blindness under IDEA?

A

Totally blind, functionally blind, and low-vision.

27
Q

What does the LEGAL definition of blindness say?

A

The person has to have visual acuity of 20/200 or less after correctional lenses and/or a 20 degree or less field of vision.

28
Q

What is one’s field of vision?

A

How we see 180 degrees side to side

29
Q

Describe the oral/aural approach to educating the deaf.

A

This is when the Deaf person is taught to learn with their eyes and use visual phonics and cued speech. These people use lip reading and do not use sign language.

30
Q

What does the Hertz measure on an audiogram?

A

Measures frequency and pitch. (125 is low and 8000 is high)

31
Q

What do decibles measure on an audiogram?

A

Measures how loud a sound is. (0-125, 71+ is severe loss of hearing)

32
Q

What are the 3 speech disorders?

A

Articulation, fluency, and voice.

33
Q

What are cochlear implants?

A

A surgical implantation that stimulates the auditory nerve and benefits the hearing of people with sensoneural hearing losses.

34
Q

What are the 2 language disorders?

A

Receptive and expressive

35
Q

Which develops first: receptive or expressive?

A

Receptive

36
Q

What does stuttering sound like?

A

When one repeats the syllables of a word.

37
Q

What happens in cluttering?

A

The speech is rapid and hard to understand.

38
Q

What does a person sound like if they have a problem with phonation?

A

The breath is husky, breathy, or strained.

39
Q

Which 2 disorders are the most frequent under communication disorders?

A

Articulation or expressive language

40
Q

What is the 2nd largest disability category under IDEA?

A

Communication Disorders

41
Q

What is a cleft palate?

A

An opening in the roof of one’s mouth which can cause a communication disorder.

42
Q

What is aphasia?

A

The loss of speech

43
Q

What is residual hearing?

A

The remaining hearing that a person has.

44
Q

What is a conductive hearing loss?

A

Abnormalities in the middle or outer part of the ear. Hearing loss is generally milder and the person can benefit from hearing aids.

45
Q

What is a sensorneural hearing loss?

A

A very severe hearing loss where one suffers damage to the auditory nerve fibers. He or she will not benefit from hearing aids.

46
Q

Is it more difficult for one to have prelingual or postlingual hearing loss?

A

Prelingual.

47
Q

What are some causes of hearing loss?

A

Ear infections, meningitis, or noise exposure

48
Q

What is an audiogram?

A

A table graph that shows the severity of a hearing loss.

49
Q

What is the 0 threshold level on an audiogram?

A

A very soft sound. the smallest sound that our human ears can detect.

50
Q

If ones hearing loss in unilateral it means that….

A

the hearing loss is in one ear.

51
Q

If one’s hearing loss is bilateral it means that…

A

the hearing loss is in both ears.

52
Q

What kind of grouping is deaf/blindness?

A

It is heterogeneous because there is a lot of diversity.

53
Q

For deaf/blindness, what affects the child’s level of functioning?

A

The degree or severity, the age of onset, whether or not it coexists with another disability, and the attitudes of the immediate family members.

Special Education PECT (8 decks)

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