communication Flashcards
forms of communication
- in person
- over the phone
- person to person
- group
sender
the one who encodes and delivers or sends the message (initiator)
receiver
the one the decodes the message
channel
medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver
noise
forces that interfere with the communication process
feedback
the response the sender receives related to the message
environment
personal history surrounding the communication and/or the physical location of the communication (context)
interpersonal communication
communication when the parties involved consider one another individual (talking one on one with someone)
intrapersonal communication
internal communication (with oneself)
small group communication
communication between 3 or more individuals connected by a common purpose
public communication
one person speaking with limited verbal feedback
mass communication
imparting or exchanging information on a large scale to a wide range of people, typically utilizing mass mediums (social media)
functions of communication - identity
sense of identity can come from how others respond to use and vice versa
functions of communication - social
to meet a variety of social needs (affection, pleasure, inclusion, relaxation, control…)
functions of communication - practical
transfer of information to accomplish day to day tasks
category of language - symbolic nature (symbols)
- representation of what we are communicating
- represent the communicators thoughts
category of language - governance
- rules that structure the complexity of language
phonological
direct how words sound when they are pronounced
syntactic
determine the structure of a language
semantic
deals with the meanings of words
pragmatic
interpretation of the appropriate meaning of a message provides for different contexts
category of language - shaping and reflecting attitudes
shape personal identification, credibility, self esteem, reflects attraction and interest, power and weakness
equivocal
more then one correct defined meaning
relative
words that gain meaning through comparison
emotive
language that can prompt intense feelings
denotation vs connotation
denotation = emotion free meaning
connotation = emotional association of a word
euphemistic
a pleasant term substituted for a more direct, but potentially less pleasant term
slang
informal language
jargon
language used in a particular trade, profession, group
characteristics of nonverbal communication
- is it real
- is it valuable
- it offers a social relational perspective
- it can create an ambiguous/disconfirming response
- it is culturally bound
function of nonverbal comm - repeating
emblems (culturally defined nonverbal behaviors) that confirm verbal confirmation
- a nod with saying yes, saying hi and waving
function of nonverbal comm - substitution
an emblem takes the place of verbal communication
function of nonverbal comm - complementing
nonverbal behaviors used in conjunction with verbal communication (tone of voice/facial expressions)
function of nonverbal comm - accenting
the process of using non verbal devices to highlight verbal messages (hand talking)
function of nonverbal comm - regulating
ability of nonverbal cues to govern the course of verbal communication (cues in speech to indicate end)
function of nonverbal comm - contradicting
nonverbal behavior that differs from verbal message (to show sarcasm etc)
function of nonverbal comm - deceiving
the act of not being fully honest (speaking faster than normal)
kinesics
study of body movement
affect blends
when the combination of two or more expressions displays diverse emotion
haptics
of or related to the sense of touch
proxemics
study of the way people and animals use space
chronemics
study of the use and structure of time
hearing vs listening
hearing = sound waves hitting the eardrum and these messages are conveyed to the brain
listening = constructing the heard message to embody meaning
components of listening - hearing
begin in range and receiving sound
components of listening - attending
the practice of concentrating on certain stimuli from the environment
components of listening - understanding
the action of deducting a message by following syntactic, semantic, and practical rules
components of listening - responding
to exhibit a message action or effect to react (to reply)
components of listening - remembering
recalling previously presented information
reasons for poor listening
effort, message overload, psychological noise, physical noise, hearing problems, faulty assumption
types of listening: informational
listening to comprehend another person, idea, or topic
types of listening: evaluative/critical listening
listening with the purpose to judge the quality or accuracy of the speakers remarks
types of listening: empathetic listening
listening to assist the speaker arrive at a solution to a problem, considering their emotions
how to improve listening
- don’t judge
- listen for key ideas
- listen for emotion
- ask questions
- take notes
- paraphrase to verify understanding
