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CPH > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases caused by MIcroorganisms
Can be spread directly or indirectly, from one person to another.
Some are transmitted through bites from insects while others are caused by ingesting contaminated food or water.

A

Communicable Disease

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2
Q

Microorganisms that cause infectious disease:

A
  • Bacteria
  • Virus
  • Fungi
  • Parasites
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3
Q

A variety of disease-producing bacteria and viruses are carried in?

A
  • Mouth
  • Nose
  • Throat and respiratory tract.
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4
Q

disease that can be spread by coughing, sneezing, and saliva or mucus on unwashed hands

A

leprosy, tuberculosis (TB) and different strains of influenza (flu)

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5
Q

Examples of Communicable disease

A
  • Malaria
  • Dengue
  • Polio
  • Tuberculosis
  • Sexually transmitted disease
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6
Q

a process in which several events happen one after the other in the form of a chain

A

TRANSMISSION

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7
Q

Factors involved in chain of transmission

A 
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Route of exit
Mode of transmission
Route of entry
Susceptible host
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8
Q

organisms that are capable of producing infection or infectious disease

A

Infectious agent

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9
Q

the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies

A

Reservoir

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10
Q

Reservoir can be:

A

Humans
Animals
Environment - includes plant, soil, water, and inanimate object

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11
Q

The site on the infected host through which the infectious agent gets out

A

Route of exit

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12
Q

Transmission occurs when?

A

agent leaves its reservoir or host via portal of exit

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13
Q

The route by which an infectious agent is transmitted from a reservoir to another host

A

Mode of transmission

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14
Q

refers to the transfer of an infectious agent from an infected host to a new host, without the need for intermediates such as air, food, water or other animals

A

DIRECT TRANSMISSION

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15
Q

Touching, biting, kissing, sexual intercourse or direct projection of respiratory droplets into another person’s nose or mouth during coughing,
sneezing or talking.

A

PERSON TO PERSON (DIRECT CONTACT)

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16
Q

Transmission of an infectious agent from a pregnant woman to her fetus through the placenta.

A

TRANSPLACENTAL

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17
Q

infectious agents are transmitted to new hosts through
intermediates such as air, food, water, objects or
substances in the environment, or other animals

A

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION

18
Q

Infectious agent may be transmitted in dried secretions from the respiratory tract, which can remain suspended in the air for some time.

A

AIRBORNE

19
Q

Vehicle is any non-living substance or object that can be contaminated by an infectious agent, which then transmits it to a new host

A

VEHICLE-BORNE

20
Q

refers to the presence of an infectious agent in or on the vehicle

A

Contamination

21
Q

an organism, usually an arthropod, which transmits an

infectious agent to a new host.

A

vector

22
Q

The site through which an infectious agent enters the host

A

Route of Entry

23
Q

Portal of entry includes

A

Mucous membranes
Skin
Respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal tract

24
Q

Individuals who are likely to develop a communicable disease after exposure to the infectious agents.

A

Susceptible Host

25
Q

refers to the resistance of an individual to communicable diseases, because their white blood cells and antibodies (defensive proteins) are able to fight the infectious agents successfully

A

Immunity

26
Q

Risk Factors

A
  1. Poor personal hygiene
  2. Poor control of reservoir
  3. Low level of immunity
27
Q

Person w/ low level of immunity

A 
I. Persons with HIV/AIDS
II. Very young children
III. Not being vaccinated
IV. Poor nutritional status
V. Pregnancy
28
Q

In what 2 ways could the risk of developing communicable disease be reduced?

A
  1. Reducing the exposure to infectious agents

2. Increasing person’s Immunity

29
Q

Infections that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range.

A

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE

30
Q

For an emerging disease to become established 2 events must occur

A
  1. The infectious agent has to be introduced into a vulnerable population.
  2. Agent has to have the ability to spread readily from person-to-person and cause disease.
31
Q

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO RE-EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

A 
Antimicrobial resistance
Decline in vaccination
Demographic factors
International travel
Socio-economic factors
Environmental factors
32
Q

Bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms can change over time and develop a resistance to the drugs used to treat diseases caused by the pathogens. Therefore, drugs that were effective in the past are no longer useful in controlling disease

A

Antimicrobial resistance

33
Q

Even when a safe and effective vaccine exists, a growing number of people choose not to become vaccinated.

A

Decline vaccination

34
Q

• population distribution and density
- As the human population expands in number and into new geographical regions, the possibility that humans will come into close contact with potential hosts/reservoir of an infectious agent increases.

A

Demographic factors

35
Q

• Tourism and increased OFW

- Spread of infectious diseases through air travel is in significant concern.

A

International travel

36
Q

includes housing and transportation

A

Socio-economic factor

37
Q

Climate change is increasingly becoming a concern as a factor in the emergence of infectious diseases. As Earth’s climate warms and habitats are altered, diseases can spread into new geographic areas.

A

Environmental factors

38
Q

How can we prevent the re-emergence of infectious disease?

A

Reducing the exposure to infectious agents

Increasing person’s Immunity

39
Q

A health system that is resilient, capable to prevent, detect and respond to the public health threats caused by emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

A

INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROGRAM DOH

VISION

40
Q

Provide and strengthen an integrated, responsive, and collaborative health system on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases towards a healthy and bio-secure country.

A

INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROGRAM DOH

MISSION

41
Q

Develop plans, policies, programs, projects and strategies for disease prevention and control and health protection.

A

Disease Prevention and Control Bureau (DPCB) DOH

CPH (5 decks)

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