Communicable Diseases

Question 1

Diseases caused by MIcroorganisms
Can be spread directly or indirectly, from one person to another.
Some are transmitted through bites from insects while others are caused by ingesting contaminated food or water.

Answer 1

Communicable Disease

Question 2

Microorganisms that cause infectious disease:

Answer 2

• Bacteria
• Virus
• Fungi
• Parasites

Question 3

A variety of disease-producing bacteria and viruses are carried in?

Answer 3

• Mouth
• Nose
• Throat and respiratory tract.

Question 4

disease that can be spread by coughing, sneezing, and saliva or mucus on unwashed hands

Answer 4

leprosy, tuberculosis (TB) and different strains of influenza (flu)

Question 5

Examples of Communicable disease

Answer 5

• Malaria
• Dengue
• Polio
• Tuberculosis
• Sexually transmitted disease

Question 6

a process in which several events happen one after the other in the form of a chain

Answer 6

TRANSMISSION

Question 7

Factors involved in chain of transmission

Answer 7

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Route of exit
Mode of transmission
Route of entry
Susceptible host

Question 8

organisms that are capable of producing infection or infectious disease

Answer 8

Infectious agent

Question 9

the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies

Answer 9

Reservoir

Question 10

Reservoir can be:

Answer 10

Humans
Animals
Environment - includes plant, soil, water, and inanimate object

Question 11

The site on the infected host through which the infectious agent gets out

Answer 11

Route of exit

Question 12

Transmission occurs when?

Answer 12

agent leaves its reservoir or host via portal of exit

Question 13

The route by which an infectious agent is transmitted from a reservoir to another host

Answer 13

Mode of transmission

Question 14

refers to the transfer of an infectious agent from an infected host to a new host, without the need for intermediates such as air, food, water or other animals

Answer 14

DIRECT TRANSMISSION

Question 15

Touching, biting, kissing, sexual intercourse or direct projection of respiratory droplets into another person’s nose or mouth during coughing,
sneezing or talking.

Answer 15

PERSON TO PERSON (DIRECT CONTACT)

Question 16

Transmission of an infectious agent from a pregnant woman to her fetus through the placenta.

Answer 16

TRANSPLACENTAL

Question 17

infectious agents are transmitted to new hosts through
intermediates such as air, food, water, objects or
substances in the environment, or other animals

Answer 17

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION

Question 18

Infectious agent may be transmitted in dried secretions from the respiratory tract, which can remain suspended in the air for some time.

Answer 18

AIRBORNE

Question 19

Vehicle is any non-living substance or object that can be contaminated by an infectious agent, which then transmits it to a new host

Answer 19

VEHICLE-BORNE

Question 20

refers to the presence of an infectious agent in or on the vehicle

Answer 20

Contamination

Question 21

an organism, usually an arthropod, which transmits an

infectious agent to a new host.

Answer 21

vector

Question 22

The site through which an infectious agent enters the host

Answer 22

Route of Entry

Question 23

Portal of entry includes

Answer 23

Mucous membranes
Skin
Respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal tract

Question 24

Individuals who are likely to develop a communicable disease after exposure to the infectious agents.

Answer 24

Susceptible Host

Question 25

refers to the resistance of an individual to communicable diseases, because their white blood cells and antibodies (defensive proteins) are able to fight the infectious agents successfully

Answer 25

Immunity

Question 26

Risk Factors

Answer 26

1. Poor personal hygiene 2. Poor control of reservoir 3. Low level of immunity

Question 27

Person w/ low level of immunity

Answer 27

``` I. Persons with HIV/AIDS II. Very young children III. Not being vaccinated IV. Poor nutritional status V. Pregnancy ```

Question 28

In what 2 ways could the risk of developing communicable disease be reduced?

Answer 28

1. Reducing the exposure to infectious agents | 2. Increasing person’s Immunity

Question 29

Infections that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range.

Answer 29

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Question 30

For an emerging disease to become established 2 events must occur

Answer 30

1. The infectious agent has to be introduced into a vulnerable population. 2. Agent has to have the ability to spread readily from person-to-person and cause disease.

Question 31

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO RE-EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Answer 31

``` Antimicrobial resistance Decline in vaccination Demographic factors International travel Socio-economic factors Environmental factors ```

Question 32

Bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms can change over time and develop a resistance to the drugs used to treat diseases caused by the pathogens. Therefore, drugs that were effective in the past are no longer useful in controlling disease

Answer 32

Antimicrobial resistance

Question 33

Even when a safe and effective vaccine exists, a growing number of people choose not to become vaccinated.

Answer 33

Decline vaccination

Question 34

• population distribution and density - As the human population expands in number and into new geographical regions, the possibility that humans will come into close contact with potential hosts/reservoir of an infectious agent increases.

Answer 34

Demographic factors

Question 35

• Tourism and increased OFW | - Spread of infectious diseases through air travel is in significant concern.

Answer 35

International travel

Question 36

includes housing and transportation

Answer 36

Socio-economic factor

Question 37

Climate change is increasingly becoming a concern as a factor in the emergence of infectious diseases. As Earth's climate warms and habitats are altered, diseases can spread into new geographic areas.

Answer 37

Environmental factors

Question 38

How can we prevent the re-emergence of infectious disease?

Answer 38

Reducing the exposure to infectious agents | Increasing person’s Immunity

Question 39

A health system that is resilient, capable to prevent, detect and respond to the public health threats caused by emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

Answer 39

INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROGRAM DOH | VISION

Question 40

Provide and strengthen an integrated, responsive, and collaborative health system on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases towards a healthy and bio-secure country.

Answer 40

INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROGRAM DOH | MISSION

Question 41

Develop plans, policies, programs, projects and strategies for disease prevention and control and health protection.

Answer 41

Disease Prevention and Control Bureau (DPCB) DOH