Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is a pathogen?

Answer 1

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 2

What is direct transmission?

Answer 2

Passing a pathogen from host to new host with no intermediary

Question 3

What is indirect transmission?

Answer 3

Passing a pathogen from host to new host via a vector

Question 4

What is transmission?

Answer 4

Passing a pathogen from an infected individual to an uninfected individual

Question 5

What is a vector?

Answer 5

An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another

Question 6

What is Callose?

Answer 6

A large polysaccharides deposit that block old phloem sieve tubes

Question 7

What is inflammation?

Answer 7

Swelling and redness of tissue cause by infection

Question 8

What is a mucous membrane?

Answer 8

A specialised epithelial tissue that is covered by mucus

Question 9

What are primary defences?

Answer 9

Those the prevent pathogen entering the body

Question 10

What is an antigen-presenting cell?

Answer 10

A cell that isolated the antigen from a pathogen and places it on the plasma membrane so that it can be recognised by other cells in the immune system

Question 11

What is clonal selection?

Answer 11

Selection of specific B and T cell that is specific to the antigen

Question 12

Cytokines

Answer 12

A hormone-like molecules used in cell signaling to stimulate the immune response.

Question 13

What are the types of organisms that cause disease?

Answer 13

Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Protoctista

Question 14

What are antibodies?

Answer 14

Specific proteins released by plasma cells that can attach to pathogenic antigens

Question 15

What is clonal expansion?

Answer 15

An increase in the number of cells by mitotic cell divison

Question 16

What is the primary immune response?

Answer 16

The initial response caused by a first infection

Question 17

What is the secondary immune response?

Answer 17

A more rapid and vigorous response caused by a second or subsequent infection by the same pathogen

Question 18

What is active immunity?

Answer 18

Where the immune system is activated and manufactures it’s own antibodies

Question 19

What is artificial immunity?

Answer 19

Immunity is that achieved as a result of medical intervention

Question 20

What is an epidemic?

Answer 20

A rapid spread of disease through a high proportion of the population

Question 21

What is natural immunity?

Answer 21

Immunity achieved through normal life processes.

Question 22

What is passive immunity?

Answer 22

Immunity achieved when antibodies are passed to the individual through breast feeding or infection

Question 23

What is vaccination?

Answer 23

A way of stimulating an immune response so that immunity is achieved

Question 24

What are antibiotics?

Answer 24

A chemical that prevents the growth of microorganisms. Antibiotics can be antibacterial or anti-fungal

Question 25

What is synthetic biology?

Answer 25

The re-engineering of biology. This could be the production of new molecules that mimic natural processes, or the use of natural molecules to produce new biological systems that do not exist in nature.