common surgical problems in childhood

Question 1

what are the signs of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 1

about 6 months old
vomiting milk (NOT BILE)
projectile vomiting
lumpy abdomen that moves

Question 2

how is pyloric stenosis resolved?

Answer 2

surgery
laproscopic

Question 3

what is intussusception?

Answer 3

a blockage outwith the wall (intestines slide inside each other)

Question 4

what are the signs of intussusception?

Answer 4

severe pain
green/yellow vomit
red mucus stool (like redcurrent jelly)
feels like a sausage O/E

Question 5

what does intussusception look like on ultrasound?

Answer 5

a target lesion

Question 6

what is a key sign of appendicitis?

Answer 6

very sore on drive to hospital (especially round corners/over speed bumps)
if unsure ask them to jump (sick kids dont jump)

Question 7

what causes a painful scrotum and has a palpable bead with a possible small blue dot on sight?

Answer 7

hydatid of morgagni
left over female genitalia from early development
can be dealt with surgically, but usually self resolves

Question 8

what is idiopathic scrotal oedema?

Answer 8

red and inflamed
self resolves
presents in boys 6-12

Question 9

what steroid is given for an abnormally tight foreskin?

Answer 9

betamethasone

Question 10

how is hypospadia treated?

Answer 10

surgically
but usually once child is older than 1 (or out of nappies)