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Dermatology > Common skin infections > Flashcards

Common skin infections Flashcards

1
Q

Which pathogen causes cold sores?

A

Herpes Simplex
(HSV-1, HSV-2)

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2
Q

Where does HSV-1 most commonly affect?

A

orofacial

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3
Q

Where does HSV-2 most commonly affect?

A

genital

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4
Q

How is Herpes simplex virus transmitted?

A

direct contact at a mucosal surface or on sites of abraded skin

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5
Q

Describe Herpes simplex lesions

A

grouped vesicles on erythematous base
crust and erosions form
painful

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6
Q

Genital Herpes simplex treatment

A

topical acyclovir 5% ointment (can use systemic acyclovir)

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7
Q

HSV prognosis

A

persists in sensory ganglia for life
tends to recur

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8
Q

HSV complications

A

erythema multiforme
eczema herpeticum
affect CNS

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9
Q

What causes shingles (Herpes zoster)?

A

Varicella zoster virus

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10
Q

How is shingles transmitted?

A

reactivation of latent VZV in sensory ganglia (previously had chicken pox)

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11
Q

Shingles symptoms and signs

A

pain in dermatomal or band-like pattern
followed by grouped vesicles on erythematous base
crusting
fever
malaise
can involve the eyes (ophthalmology referral needed)

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12
Q

How is Herpes zoster treated?

A

analgesics
acyclovir (needs to be within 24-72 hours of disease onset)

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13
Q

Herpes zoster complications

A

post-herpetic neuralgia
cranial nerve syndromes (eg. Ramset hunt syndrome)

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14
Q

What causes viral warts?

A

human papillomavirus (HPV)

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15
Q

Define viral warts

A

benign epithelial growths

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16
Q

Which HPV subtypes can cause cancers?

A

16 and 18 are most common (cervical cancer)

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17
Q

Describe a wart

A

hyperkeratotic flesh-coloured papule and/or plaque studded with small black dots (thrombosed capillaries)

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18
Q

Proper name for verrucae?

A

plantar warts

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19
Q

Warts treatment

A

no treatment
topical salicylic acid with paring
duct tape
cryosurgery

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20
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) (poxvirus)

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21
Q

Describe molluscum contagiosum

A

benign self-limited papular eruption
often look like pearly papules
smooth flesh-coloured, dome-shaped, umbilicated papules
contain keratotic (cheesy) plug

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22
Q

Transmission of molluscum contagiosum

A

skin-to-skin contact

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23
Q

Which pathogens cause impetigo?

A

staphylococcus aureus > streptococcus pyogenes

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24
Q

Describe non-bullous impetigo

A

vesicles or pustules on erythematous skin –> erosions –> golden yellow crust

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25
Describe bullous impetigo
flaccid bullae with clear yellow fluid (S.Aureus) --> erosions --> golden yellow crust
26
Bullous impetigo treatment
topical and/or systemic antibiotics (topical = mupirocin, systemic = beta lactams eg. penicillins)
27
Which pathogens cause folliculitis/furunculosis/carbunculosis?
Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa
28
Describe folliculitis
follicular pustules
29
Describe furunculosis
tender, erythematous, fluctuant nodules that rupture with purulent discharge
30
Describe carbunculosis
larger and deeper inflammatory nodules often with purulent drainage (larger than furuncles)
31
Furunculosis/carbunculosis treatment
topical treatment 1% clindamycin or 2% erythromycin systemic antistaphylococcal antibiotics incision + drainage
32
Which pathogens cause ecthyma?
Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes
33
Describe ecthyma
vesicles and bullae that progress to punched-out ulcerations with adherent crust which heals with scarring often dark centre
34
Ecthyma diagnosis
clinical presentation confirmation by culture
35
Ecthyma treatment
oral antistaphylococcal antibiotics
36
Which pathogens cause erysipelas and cellulitis?
Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes
37
Difference between erysipelas and cellulitis?
cellulitis affects deeper layers of skin
38
How do you monitor if antibiotics are working in erysipelas and cellulitis?
draw around erythematous areas area should shrink if antibiotics working
39
Describe erysipelas
tender, well-defined erythematous patch
40
Erysipelas and cellulitis treatment
beta lactam antibiotics
41
Describe cellulitis
ill-defined erythematous and edematous patch
42
Which pathogens cause necrotising fasciitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes Group B and C streptococci Vibrio vulnificus Clostridium perfringens Bacteroides fragilis (mixed infections common)
43
What is necrotising fasciitis?
infection of subcutaneous tissue and fascia
44
Transmission necrotising fasciitis
after injury idiopathic
45
Describe necrotising fasciitis + symptoms
erythema pain extends to deep underlying fascia skin becomes dusky and bullae forms followed by necrosis, gangrene rapid progress fever systemic toxicity, organ failure, shock, death
46
Necrotising fasciitis treatment
biopsy for histology gram stain and culture to identify pathogen
47
Necrotising fasciitis treatment
surgical debridement or amputation antibiotics (gentamicin, clindamycin)
48
Which pathogen causes scabies?
Sarcoptes scabiei var.hominis (human itch mite)
49
What is scabies?
infectious disease of skin causes by S.scabiei burrowing into epidermis
50
Scabies symptoms
itching (especially at night)
51
Describe scabies
burrows, vesicles, papules and pustules common in finger webs
52
How is scabies diagnosed?
looking for mites look for eggs under microscope (skin scrapings)
53
Scabies treatment
skin lotions containing permethrin all family members all over body repeat treatment in 7 days (as more eggs may have hatched)
54
What are the 3 subtypes of leishmaniasis?
Cutaneous leishmaniasis Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis
55
Which pathogens cause each subtype of leishmaniasis?
CL = leishmania tropica MCL = leishmania braziliensis DCL = leishmania mexicana, leishmania aethiopia
56
Cutaneous leishmaniasis symptoms
skin lesions with erythema, inflammation and ulceration
57
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis symptoms
lesions of nasal and/or oral mucosa
58
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis symptoms
multiple deep skin lesions
59
Transmission of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
bites of infected sandflies
60
Leishmaniasis treatment by subtype
CL = self-healing, antibiotics MCL, DCL = pentavalent antimony, amphotericin B
61
What pathogen causes cutaneous larva migrans (creeping eruption)?
larva of dog and cat hookworm (Ancylostoma braziliensis)
62
What is cutaneous larva migrans?
cutaneous eruption usually confined to skin of feet, arms or buttocks caused by migrating larva
63
Transmission of cutaneous larva migrans
active penetration of the skin by larva
64
Cutaneous larva migrans symptoms
erythematous, pruritic, serpiginous (wavy margin) lesions that advance several mm/day
65
Cutaneous larva migrans treatment
thiabendazole (topical or oral) albendazole mebendazole ivermectin antibiotics
66
What is tinea?
fungal infection of skin usually peripheral scaling discoid lesions
67
How is tinea diagnosed?
skin scrapings direct microscopy (may see branching hyphae) woods light = green fluorescence
68
Tinea main symptom
itch
69
Tinea treatment
topical antifungals (imidazoles) systemic antifungals for nails, scalp, widespread or chronic infections
70
Which tinea subtype affects the body?
Tinea Corporis
71
Which tinea subtype affects the head?
Tinea Capitis
72
Which tinea subtype affects the feet?
Tinea Pedis
73
Which tinea subtype affects the groin?
Tinea Cruris
74
What causes candidal intertrigo?
yeast - usually candida albicans
75
What is candidal intertrigo?
superficial mycotic infection of skin tend to affect moist occluded skin folds
76
Describe candidal intertrigo
erythematous macerated patch with satellite macules or pustules extending beyond the flexure
77
Candidal intertrigo diagnosis
skin scrapings or swab
78
Which 2 conditions can predispose someone to candidal intertrigo?
Diabetes mellitus HIV
79
Candidal intertrigo treatment
topical antifungals (eg. clotrimazole) or antifungal with weak steroid (eg. daktacort) keep area dry (eg. lose weight, loose clothing) oral antifungals if severe (eg fluconazole)
80
What causes pityriais versicolor?
yeast - Malassezia furfur
81
What is pityriasis versicolor?
superficial mycotic infection of skin
82
Describe pityriasis versicolor
confluent, fine, scaly, well-demarcated, hypo/hyper-pigmented plaques
83
Pityriasis versicolor diagnosis
skin scrapings or swab
84
Pityriasis versicolor treatment
selenium sulfide shampoo ketoconazole shampoo topical antifungals

Dermatology (23 decks)

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