Common Skin Disorders and Infections Flashcards
Name the followng skin conditions in each category:
- Acneiform lesions? 2
- Bacterial infections? 5 3. Pigmented lesions? 5
- Dermatophyte infections? 5
- Exanthems associated with systemic infections? 4
- Miscellaneous? 3
1.
- Acne vulgaris
- Rosacea
2.
- Folliculitis
- Pseudobarbae folliculitis
- Furuncles
- Carbuncles
- Impetigo
3.
- Moles
- Solar lentigo
- Seborrheic keratosis
- Actinic keratosis
- melasma
4.
- Tinea capitis
- Tinea corporis
- Tinea pedis
- Tinea cruris
- Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis)
5.
- Fifth’s disease
- Hand-foot-mouth disease
- Scarlatinia
- Roseola
6.
- Miliaria (Heat rash)
- Skin tags
- Corns and callouses
ACNE VULGARIS
- Is what?
- Menifest how? 3
- Inflammation of pilosebaceous units of certain body parts
- Occur most frequently in adolescence - Manifest as
- comedones,
- papulopustules, or
- nodules plus cyst
ACNE VULGARIS
- Pathogenesis: Disease of what?
- 4 factors involved?
- Disease of pilosebaceous follicles
- 4 factors involved
- Follicular hyperkeratinization
- Increased sebum production
- Propionibacterium acnes within the follicle
- Inflamation
What are the four steps that create a blemish?
Acne vulgaris: Clinical presentation? 3
- Lesions on the skin
- Pain in lesions
- Skin lesions include:
- Comedones
- Papules and papulopustules
- Nodules
Describe the 6 stages of acne
Acne grades
Describe Grades I (1) II (3) III (3) IV (3)
Acne grades
- Grade I
- Minimal blackheads and a few papules - Grade II
- 10 or more
- Blackheads, papules, pustules
- Redness and inflammation - Grade III
- 15-20+
- Blackheads, papules, pustules
- Redness and inflammation - Grade IV
- Severe case
- Extreme amount of pustules
- Extreme edema
Acne Vulgaris is dx how?
Female patients with dysmenorrhea or hirsutism: What labs? 4
- Diagnosis
Clinical
- Female patients with dysmenorrhea or hirsutism
- Total/Free testosterone
- DHEA-S
- LH
- FSH
ACNE VULGARIS
Treatment
OTC? 2
Topical Retinoids? 3
Topical antibiotics (2nd line)? 2
Oral therapies? 2
Oral isotretinoin? 2
OTC
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Salicylic acid
Topical retinoids (first line)
- Adapalene (Differin): best tolerated
- Tretinoin (Retin-A)
- Tazarotene (Tazorac)
Topical antibiotics (2nd line)
- Clindmycin
- Erythromycin
Orall therapies?
- Doxycycline
- Minocycline (Minocin)
Oral isotretinoin
- For sever treatment failure
- Must register in the iPLEDGE program before using
What is Rosacea?
Epidemiology: Age and Gender?
- Chronic acneform disorder of facial poilosebaceous units
- Increased reactivity of capillaries to heat - Epidemiology
Onset at 30-50 years old
Females predominantly
Rosacea
- Exacerbating factors? 4
- Clinical Presentation? 2
- Exacerbating factors
- Hot liquids
- Spicy foods
- Alcohol
- Exposure to sun and heat - Clinical presentation
- Redness to the cheeks, nose, and chin
- Burning or stinging with episodes
4 subtypes of Rosacea?
- Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
- Papulopustular rosacea
- Phymatous rosacea
- Ocular rosacea
Rosacea Treatment
3
- Minimize precipitating factors
- Topical antibiotics are first line therapy for mild to moderate patient (typically without papules or pustules)
- Systemic antibiotics-moderate to severe symptoms (papules, pustules, or ocular involvement)
Rosacea: Topical antibiotics are first line therapy for mild to moderate patient (typically without papules or pustules). Which are they? 5
- Azelaic Acid (gel or cream) apply BID
- Metronidazole - 0.75% apply daily (cream or gel)
- Erythromycin (cream) apply thin layer bid
- Clindamycin (gel or solution) apply bid
- Brimonidine (gel) applied once a day
Rosacea: Systemic antibiotics-moderate to severe symptoms (papules, pustules, or ocular involvement)? 3
- Tetracycline 250-1000mg per day
- Doxycycline/Minocycline 100-200 mg per day
- Erythromycin 250-500mg qid
ROSACEA
Other treatment considerations
- Laser treatment can be helpful for what?
- Pulsed-light therapy can be helpful for what?
- What other two treatments may be helpful?
- telangiectasias
- facial erythema
- Cleansers and Photodynamic therapy
Complications of Rosacea? 4
- Eye involvement
- Gram negative folliculitis
- Permanent telangiectasias
- Rhinophyma
RHINOPHYMA
is what?
Soft tissue hypertrophy related to vasodilatation (Not well understood)
FOLLICULITIS
- What is it?
- Most common bug?
- Hot tub folliculitis is caused by what?
- Can also be caused by what but this is the exception to the rue?
- Infection of the hair follicles
- Most common pathogen Staphylococcus Aureus
- “Hot tub” folliculitis caused by Pseudomonas
- Can be caused by yeast, but this is the exception to the rule
FOLLICULITIS symtpoms? 3
- Looks like red pimples with a hair in the center
- May itch or burn
- “Hot tub” folliculitis appears about 72 after
Folliculitis treatment? 4
- Warm compresses 3 times daily
- Shaving should be avoided in involved areas
- Topical antibiotics such as Mupirocin (Bactroban)
- Recent research shows systemic antibiotics to be of no benefit.
FOLLICULITIS
Some principles
- Recurrent folliculitis is associated with what?
- ____________ used on anterior nares bid for 2-5 days once monthly decreases frequency
- What may predispose a patient to candida folliculitis? 3
- nasal carriage of S. Aureus
- (Bactroban (Mupirocin)
3.
- Antibiotic therapy,
- corticosteroid therapy, and
- immunosuppression
- PSEUDOBARBAE FOLLICULITIS is what? ( Otherwise known as what?)
- Very common in who?
- Occurs when free ends of tightly coiled hairs reenter skin and cause a what?
- What do they look like?
- Diagnosis is made based on what?
1. Otherwise known as “razor bumps”
2. Very common in African Americans
3. a foreign body inflammatory response
4. Firm papules with embedded hair
5. Diagnosis is made based on clinical appearance
PSEUDOBARBAE FOLLICULITIS
Treatment? 5
- Most effective and safe is stop shaving (first line)
- Laser hair removal
Adjunctive medical therapy
- Topical retinoids (tretinoin)
- Low potency corticosteroids (treat only for 3-4 weeks)
- Topical antimicrobials (benzoyl peroxide 5% or clindamycin 1%)
What are furuncles?
- What are a cluster of furnuncles?
- May progress from an erythematous lesion to a fluctuant lesion after __days
- Lesion may rupture spontaneously (What are extruded)?
- Furuncles (boils)
- skin abscesses caused by staphylococcal infection of a hair follicle - Carbuncles are a cluster of furuncles
- 4
- pus and necrotic tissue
FURUNCLES/CARBUNCLES
- Common areas include? 5
- Predisposing factors include? 4
- Common areas include
- buttocks,
- axillae,
- neck,
- face, and
- waist - Predisposing factors include
- diabetes,
- malnutrition,
- obesity, and
- hematologic disorders
FURUNCLES/CARBUNCLES
- Treatment? 2
- What may be necessary to do with the wound?
- What will you need if if constitutional symptoms or concomitant cellulitis > 5cm?
1.
- Hot compresses to enhance drainage
- Fluctuant lesions benefit from I&D
2. Packing of the wound may be necessary
3. System antibiotics if constitutional symptoms or concomitant cellulitis > 5cm