Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systemic Diseases > Common Respiratory Conditions > Flashcards

Common Respiratory Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiratory failure?

A

A condition where your blood doesn’t have enough oxygen or too much carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of respiratory failure?

A

Type 1- pO2 <8kPa, pCO2 <6kPa

Type 2- pO2 <8kPa, pCO2 >6kPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A

Formation of a clot in a blood vessel that breaks loose and is carried by the blood stream to plug another vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the risk factors for a pulmonary embolism?

A 
Surgery
Obstetrics 
Lower limb problems 
Malignancy 
Reduced mobility 
Thrombotic disorders 
Previous venous thromboembolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment for pulmonary embolism?

A 
Thrombosis is 
Heparin 
Warfarin 
Direct oral anticoagulants e.g. rivaroxaban 
Embolectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is COPD?

A

An air flow obstruction- usually progressive, not fully reversible
Usually caused by smoking
Defined as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)= FEV1<80% and forced vital capacity (FVC)= FVC<0.7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is COPD diagnosed?

A

Chest x-ray
Blood test
Spirometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is COPD managed?

A 
Pharmacotherapy for COPD is used to decrease symptoms and/or complications 
Smoking cessation 
Exercise 
Diet 
Vaccinations 
Pulmonary rehabilitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment for COPD?

A 
Short/long acting bronchodilators- beta-agonists, anti-cholinergics 
Inhaled steroids/combined preparations 
Theophyllines 
Oral steroids 
Oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some short-acting bronchodilators?

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Ipratropium bromide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do short-acting bronchodilators do?

A

Increase airway diameter by action on smooth muscles
Fast action- last 4 hours
Ipratrpium bromide- onset 15 mins, lasts up to 5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some side effects of bronchodilators?

A

Tachycardia
Tremor
Dry mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an example of a long-acting bronchodilator?

A

Tiotropium bromide/spiriva

  • long acting ani-cholinergic
  • improves lung function, dyspnoea
  • reduced exacerbations and rescue medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some examples of inhaled steroids?

A

Generally use combined preparations:

  • seretide (Fluticasone/Salmeterol)
  • symbicort (Budesonise/Formoterol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the components of pulmonary rehabilitation?

A

Physical exercise
Dietetics assessment
Disease education
Psychological and social interventions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is asthma?

A

A chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs characterised by the variability in symptoms and lung function

17
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheeze
Cough
SOB
Chest tightness

18
Q

How is asthma diagnosed?

A

> 20% diurnal variation on at least 3 days in one week on PEFR chart
15% increase in FEV1 after short acting bronchodilator or 30mg/day prednisolone for 2 weeks

19
Q

What is the treatment of asthma?

A 
Allergen avoidance 
Environmental- smoking, air pollution 
Avoid NSAIDs in some patients 
Give anti-smoking advice 
Low dose inhaled corticosteroid
Long acting bronchodilator 
Short acting beta-agonist as required
20
Q

What are the symptoms of severe acute asthma?

A

Severe dyspnoea, unable to form complete sentences
Tachypnoeic>25/min
Tachycardia>110/min
PEFR 33-50% best or predicted
Call an ambulance
Oxygen >60% if available
Nebulised bronchodilator- 5mg salbutamol with spacing device if available- less drug lost to atmosphere, extra volume so allows the dose to be inhaled over more breaths

21
Q

What is pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Gradual replacement of normal lung parenchyma with fibrotic tissue

22
Q

How do you assess interstitial lung diseases?

A 
History 
-symptoms 
-other illnesses 
-drugs 
-occupation 
-hobbies 
-functional capacity 
Bloods
-FBP/U&E/LFTs
Examination 
-finger clubbing 
-inspiratory crackles 
-location of crackles 
Pulmonary function 
-spiro/transfer factor
-spO2
Radiology
-chest X-ray/CT
23
Q

What is extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis= inflammation of the alveoli caused by the hypersensitivity to inhaled organic dusts

24
Q

What are the symptoms of EAA?

A

Acute- cough, fever, malaise

Chronic- productive cough, weight loss, anorexia, dyspnoea, fatigue, pleurisy

25
Q

What is the treatment of EAA?

A

Absolute cessation of exposure

Steroids can be used to settle EAA

Systemic Diseases (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions