Common Poisoning Flashcards
A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects, is available in a variety of strengths.
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen overdose can cause:
GI
Renal
Central Nervous system(CNS) Effects
Ibuprofen doses of 25 mg/kg or more often lead to:
Gastrointestinal problems
Ulceration
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Ibuprofen doses approaching 175mg/kg increase a dog risk of?
Developing acute renal failure
Doses greater done 400mg/kg of ibuprofen results to?
CNS effects (depression, seizures, and coma)
Treatment for acute ibuprofen toxicosis include:
Emesis
Administering activated charcoal
GI protectants
Inducing diuresis with IV fluid
GI protectants
H2-blockers
Sucralfate
Misoprostol
Chocolate contains two types of?
Methylxanthine
Theobromine
Caffeine
Clinicals signs of chocolate ingestion range from GI upset to cardiovascular effects:
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Hypotension
Arrhytmias
Clinicals signs of chocolate ingestion range to CNS signs:
Agitation
Pacing
Hyperactivity
Tremor
seizures
Occur in dogs ingesting around 20 mg/kg methylxanthine
Hyperactivity
Agitation
Restlessness
40mg/kg methylxanthine can cause:
Cardio toxicosis
Dogs ingesting 60 mg/kg methylxanthine may exhibit:
Severe CNS signs(tremors and seizures)
GI Signs (Vomiting, diarrhea)
Treatment for chocolate ingestion includes:
Emesis or lavage
Administering activated charcoal
Electrocardiogram monitoring
Baseline serum chemistry
Monitoring of electrolytes
Administer intravenous fluids
Diazepam for agitation and tremors
Beta blockers example:
Propranolol
Metoprolol
Most common insecticides used in ant and roach baits:
Boric acid
Avermectic
Fipronil
Hydramethylnon
Propoxur
Sulfuramid
3 main types of rodenticides
Anticoagulants
Bromethalin
Cholecalciferol
Anticoagulants
Warfarin
Brodifacoum
Diphacinone/diphenadione
Most commonly used rodenticides in the world.
Anticoagulant rodenticides
Ingesting an anticoagulant rodenticides can block vitamin K-dependent clotting factor synthesis by inhibiting?
2,3-epoxide reductase enzyme
Treat anticoagulant-rodenticide ingestion with?
Vitamin K1 orally for 14 to 30 days
Rodenticides: Therapy for cerebral edema and addressing seizures, usually by administering?
Corticosteroids
Furosemide
Mannitol
Diazepam
May temporarily lower fluid pressure, but signs often progress once these treatments are discontinued.
Mannitol
Corticosteroids
Furosemide
If hyperphosphatemia or hypercalcemia occurs
Perform Saline diuresis
Administer corticosteroids, furosemide, or phosphate binding agents
A biphosphonate used in people to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy, is a preferred agent in treating cholecalciferol toxicosis.
Pamidronate
A common human drug used to control pain and fever, is toxic in dogs.
Acetaminophen
Signs of toxicity from acetaminophen may develop within _ hours of ingestion.
14 hours
Mucous membranes, such as the gums or tissue around the globe of the eye, may develop a bluish color called?
Cyanosis
An antidote for acetaminophen toxicity called?
N-acetylcysteine
A sympathomimetic drug structurally similar to amphetamines.
Pseudoephedrine
Most common clinical signs of pseudoephedrine ingestion include:
Agitation
Hyperactivity
Panting
Hyperthermia
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Head bobbing
Mydriasis
Agitation and hyperactivity are best controlled with
Acepromazine
Administer _ to control severe tremors and seizures, and give isoflurane in refractory cases.
Phenobarbital or pentobarbital
Regular household bleaches contain?
3% to 6% sodium hypochlorite
Color-safe bleaches contain:
Sodium peroxide
Sodium perborates
Enzymatic detergents
Household bleaches can cause
Skin or eye irritation
Mild oral or esophageal burns
GI irritation
Commercial bleaches can be corrosive and lead to
Severe stomatitis
Pharyngitis
Esophagitis
Esophageal ulcerations
Inhalation exposure to bleach can cause
Respiratory irritation
Coughing
Bronchospasm
More serious damage can occur when bleach is mixed with ammonia containing agents, forming?
Chloramine
And chlorine gases
Is contraindicated because of the irritating properties of household bleach and the potential corrosive effects of commercial bleaches.
Emesis
Can also be used to symptomatically treat bleach ingestion
GI protectants such as sucralfate or H2-blockers
