Common ophthalmic conditions Flashcards
What are the 3 types of cataract?
Give 4 operative complications of catatact removal
- Corneal endothelium damage
- Rupture of posterior capsule
- Loss of lens fragments into the vitreous humour
- Suprachoroidal haemorrhage
Give 3 post-operative complications of cataract surgery.
- Iris prolapse
- Bacterial enophthalmitis
- This is most common 2-4 days post-op and presents with worsened vision and pain
- Posterior capsule opacification
What medical management for POAG acts on increasing outflow?
Prostaglandin F2α analogues (Lantoprost)
What medical management for POAG acts on reducing production?
β-blockers (Timilol) + Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Dorzolamide)
What systemic medications can be given for POAG?
Carbonic anhydrase acetazolamide
What surgical option is there for POAG?
Trabeculectomy
What is the leading cause of blindness in over 50s?
Age related macular degeneration
What are the two key investigations in dry AMD?
- fluorescein angiography
- Optical coherence tomography
What are the two key investigations in wet AMD?
fluorescein angiography (urgent)
Optical coherence tomography
Give 4 aspects of wet AMD management
- Supportive
- Anti-VEGF
- Photodynamic therapy
- Laser photocoagulation
What are the two classifications of retinal vein occlusion?
- Central
- Branching
What is the management of ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion?
- Intravitreal steroids
- Anti-VEGF
- If iris develops rubreosis then PRP laser treatment should be applied
What is the management of branching retinal vein macular oedema?
Grid laser, biodegradable dexamethasone intravitreal implant, anti-VEGF
What is the treatment of central retinal arteriole occlusion?
Decrease IOP with 500mg IV acetazolamide, ocular massage and AC paracentesis
Selective ophthalmic artery catheterisation and thrombolysis
